Chapter 918: The New Leader "Ask for Monthly Pass"
in the Standing Committee. Fan Xin talked about the current situation in Zhejiang's state-owned enterprise restructuring and then changed the topic and mentioned the fight for gas stations he saw in Linzhou City when he inspected Donghai Province.
"I think. Currently, the two major oil companies in the petrochemical industry are competing for low-end resources, which has seriously caused a waste of resources, especially a waste of national resources. Just take a very ordinary gas station. The construction capital is only over 600,000 yuan, but with the current competition between the two major oil companies, it is not a problem to sell it for 3 to 4 million yuan. What's more, a medium-sized gas station can compete for more than a dozen rounds, and the owner will wait for it. It is very abnormal to sell at a high price, and the investment of three million can be returned ten times at this time," Fan Heng said at the meeting.
"This is market-based competition," someone said casually.
Fan Heng immediately replied, "This is not market-based competition. The reason for this situation is nothing else. It is precisely because industry policies are changing, and the access of private companies to the refined oil market can be said to have been essentially blocked." If they die, the situation created is a substantial industry monopoly between the two major oil companies, which is worth pondering. "
"The petroleum industry is the economic lifeline of the country. Proper centralized management and large-scale operations should be beneficial. We cannot let the control of refined oil products escape the government's control," someone else from Lixuan replied.
"This is not the most reasonable explanation." Fan Hengliliao denied, "U.S. oil companies are also private companies. But in reality, the interests of this industry are tied to the national interests. So there will be no Any outcome beyond our control cannot be used as a reason to condone the breaking of the ball.”
In fact, Fan Heng has always been disapproving of the monopoly behavior of the two major oil companies. Fan Heng is not disapproving of state-owned holdings. He has deep feelings for state-owned enterprises. What he objects to is just the behavior of the two major oil companies. It is indeed outrageous for a low-quality enterprise like this to occupy the refined oil market and drive others out by such a shameless means as to achieve an industry monopoly by controlling market exports in advance.
The internationalization of China's petroleum industry is entering a new stage. From the perspective of international economics, the essence of the internationalization of China's petroleum industry market is that international petroleum companies can make full use of various factors and opportunities provided by our country's economy, and at the same time, our country's petroleum companies can also make full use of the international economy to create opportunities for themselves. The various opportunities and factors on offer.
"The global economy is accelerating adjustment, optimization and upgrading with scientific and technological progress as the driving force and multinational corporations as the carrier. With the acceleration of economic globalization, the economic activities of countries around the world are more closely linked, and the internationalization of production has promoted the world's The international flow and optimized combination of production factors within the scope are undergoing major changes in the industrial structure, product structure, enterprise structure, and technological structure of various countries. The degree of capital agglomeration, industrial concentration, and market monopoly is getting higher and higher, forming a group of industries. Large companies and large groups with international competitiveness. The economic strength and competitiveness of a country are concentrated in the strength and international competitiveness of these large companies and large groups.” Fan Heng elaborated on his understanding, “We do need it. Some large state-owned enterprises participate in market competition and want to gain a certain advantageous position, but such simple market plunder will only create corporate inertia and is harmful to the improvement of scientific and technological capabilities. "
Several committee members who have been involved in economics all agreed after hearing this. In fact, for the world's oil industry, due to the uneven geographical distribution of oil resources, the standardization of oil products, and the highly intensive nature of capital, technology, and risks in the oil industry, , making the position of multinational oil companies in the entire industry particularly important.
In the past two decades, due to the long-term low oil prices in the international market. Multinational oil companies have made few exploration discoveries in China and other countries.
Higher discovery costs and lower oil prices have slashed profits for some oil companies. As a result, a fierce trend of mergers and reorganizations occurred throughout the 1980s. And intensified in the 1990s.
"In the past three years alone, there have been eight large-scale mergers of major oil companies, with the total amount involved reaching more than 300 billion U.S. dollars. After a series of mergers and reorganizations, companies such as Exxon Mobile and BP have basically formed The new pattern of monopoly on the world oil market by five super-giant companies including Anglo-Dutch Shell, Total Fina Elf and Chevron Texaco,” Fan Heng told everyone, “At present, the above-mentioned five companies are the main players. Transnational oil companies control more than 30% of the world's petroleum industry output, their trade volume and direct investment exceed two-thirds of the world's, and they own more than 80% of the world's advanced petroleum and petrochemical technologies. The main manifestations of competition in the world's petroleum industry are: The struggle between these giant multinational oil companies. And due to the intensification of merger activities, multinational oil companies have a tendency to develop into higher-level and larger-scale international oil oligarchs, which will affect the international oil market. The development of the oil market has far-reaching consequences.”
It is worth noting that the economic growth model of major international oil companies has undergone major changes in recent years. It has changed from a growth model that relied solely on expansion of investment scale in the past to a low-cost expansion mainly through capital acquisitions and mergers to achieve resource and business expansion. Optimize integration, make the main business bigger and stronger, and enhance the company's core competitiveness. This is a successful path for the development and growth of today's multinational oil companies.
But it must be seen. Due to the uneven distribution of oil resources in the world. The remaining recoverable oil reserves and recoverable resources are mainly distributed in the Middle East, while oil consumption is mainly concentrated in the United States, Asia-Pacific and Europe. The contradiction between oil supply and demand in some areas, especially the Asia-Pacific region, will become more prominent, which will inevitably Promote the internationalization process of the oil market.
However, the international oil market is not smooth. Due to the technical and economic characteristics of the oil industry itself and the scarcity and strategic characteristics of oil resources, there are various barriers to entry in the international oil market.
on the one hand. The competitive structure of the host country's original oil companies will have a direct impact on new entrants from multinational companies. On the other hand, the current and possible industrial policies, foreign investment policies, environmental protection policies and technical indicators of the host country government can have an adverse impact on the entering enterprises. In addition, in recent years, a new battle for world oil resources has been launched internationally. Most of the most favorable oil and gas areas, including the Middle East, Russia, Central Asia, and Africa, have basically been preempted by major international oil companies. occupied. These circumstances will obviously put great pressure on Chinese oil companies to enter the international oil market and expand overseas oil business.
“It is therefore foreseeable that as the process of economic globalization accelerates, international competition will increasingly evolve into competition between large companies and large groups in various countries. The degree of capital aggregation, industrial concentration and market barriers will become higher and higher. Oligarch-led competition among multinational oil companies will become the main form of international oil competition. The internationalization trend of the market means that the Chinese oil market will become an integral part of the world oil market. In the process of internationalization, Chinese petroleum companies must not only go abroad and participate in international market competition, but also open their doors to face competition from foreign oil companies. Therefore, having strong industrial international competitiveness is a necessary guarantee for achieving international petroleum competition. Fan Heng finally said, "Low-cost industrial expansion can exist, but it is not the only way to defeat the enemy. How to improve the technological competitiveness of enterprises, improve production efficiency, and vigorously promote new technology research to promote production is the answer." The best way to compete internationally.”
When everyone heard Fan Heng's eloquent words, they immediately understood that he was going to take action against the two major oil companies. Otherwise, they would not have spent so much time doing so much homework. Some people's hearts began to move. Are you thinking about who and what things will be involved in this matter, and what kind of impact will it have on you?
Fan Heng himself did not bother to consider these issues. He said that the modern petroleum industry is a technology-intensive industrial complex, and the speed and quality of its future development can no longer directly depend on natural resources, hardware technology or even capital. The amount of software resources directly depends on the innovation, formation and utilization of knowledge, technology and other software resources.
In order to seize and utilize the development opportunities brought by the knowledge economy, major Western oil companies have adopted industrial structural adjustments oriented towards knowledge and high technology.
From the technical environment of China's petroleum industry, most theories and cutting-edge technologies are basically based on foreign countries, lacking independent innovation and competitive advantages. According to statistics from the economic structure research report of the Petroleum Corporation last year, among the 29 representative technologies in the exploration, development, and refining main industries of the Petroleum Corporation, only 13% of the upstream main technologies are highly competitive. , this number is very low.
In terms of downstream aspects such as petroleum refining and petrochemicals, there is generally a gap of about ten years compared with foreign countries. The main petrochemical processes have not yet formed a complete set of technologies with independent intellectual property rights. Although oil refining mainly relies on independent development technology, product technology Development is weak, with common problems such as low quality and few varieties and brands. Facing the world's rapidly developing petroleum industry, if we do not increase technological innovation, the gap will become wider and wider.
From the perspective of the political and economic environment, after joining Shanji, the domestic market will be integrated with the international market, and the main economic regulations and economic policies will gradually become consistent with the global economic operating rules. This requires the government to eliminate the impact on the petroleum industry in terms of institutions, laws and policies. Obstacles to development include geographical fragmentation, investment and financing systems, and taxation systems. Moreover, the supporting laws, regulations, and rules for the rational utilization of petroleum resources, the supply and consumption of refined oil, the qualifications of refined oil operators, and product quality assurance are not perfect. Only by passing legislation and adopting effective economic development policies and industrial policies can the positive effects of joining the mountain be achieved.
Boss Zhu put on his eyes and read the information carefully, listening to Fan Heng's speech. After everyone had a heated discussion, he said, "There are two basic characteristics of the development of modern industry. One is The further the product chain develops downstream, the higher the technological content and the higher the added value. This prompts companies to pay attention to the in-depth development of downstream products. The product chain not only includes the production link, but also includes product sales and services provided to customers. In order to realize the value-added of the intangible assets brought by the brand, market development is the basic condition for the survival and development of enterprises. Only by building themselves on millions of users can enterprises be invincible. "
After a pause, he continued, "The large oil company model of integrated upstream and downstream operations is an inevitable choice for the general characteristics of modern industry and the inherent laws of the petroleum industry. The petroleum industry is a complete product chain of exploration, development, refining, chemicals, and sales. The high added value of downstream products and the driving force to occupy the market make oil companies must pay attention to the downstream and sales links. At the same time, in order to avoid the economic risks caused by oil price fluctuations, oil companies are encouraged to embark on the path of integrated competition in downstream and sales. As a result, a few large oil companies have gained competitive advantages by continuously expanding their market share and controlling the sales market, forcing small and medium-sized oil companies to sell good reserves and crude oil to large oil companies. Ultimately, the oil produced by large oil companies is lower than the oil they find. It has the characteristics of refining more oil than extracting it, and selling more oil than refining it.”
After listening for a long time, Chief No. 1 finally expressed his opinion, "It is not the right way to use one's own skills to suppress others. Technological innovation has become the most lasting and fundamental driving force for industrial development. Every step up in world oil and gas production relies on new theories and new technologies. The promotion of technology and maintaining the leading position of technology have always been the guarantee for the long-term prosperity and development of large foreign oil companies.”
Everyone nodded in agreement after hearing this. In fact, this exists in every industry. question.
"Our enterprise needs to rely on innovation to form its core competitiveness, and rely on core competitiveness to build well-known brands. Rely on well-known brands to enhance its competitive advantages and intangible assets. Therefore, technological innovation is the source of the core competitiveness of enterprises. Enterprises must pass Technological innovation, forming and developing its own core technology, and based on this, forming its own characteristic products and services. At present, there is still a big gap between my country's petroleum industry's technological innovation capabilities and the world's advanced level. To a certain extent, it has limited the development of our country’s petroleum industry and the improvement of its international competitiveness. In order to speed up the development of our country’s petroleum industry and improve its core competitiveness, we must rely on scientific and technological progress to improve the efficiency of petroleum science and technology.” Regarding the matter, the relevant ministries and commissions of the State Council should do more research and come up with specific plans.”
Fan Heng was a little funny when he heard it, and everyone would say something nice. When solving the problem, the ball was kicked back again, but he is the deputy prime minister of Zhuowu in this complex area. What he wants is to unify everyone's thinking from the overall situation. Now that the desired result has been obtained, then The specific operations are easier to handle.
It is nothing more than strengthening the training and management of technology development talents, increasing investment in science and technology, raising funds for science and technology development through multiple channels and at multiple levels, strengthening scientific and technological cooperation, developing the technology exchange market, accelerating the implementation and promotion of scientific and technological achievements, and targeting the multi-disciplinary and multi-professional petroleum industry. , highly technology-intensive characteristics, establishing a research entity composed of multidisciplinary staff. Make research results available to enterprises as early as possible. Just serving the market.
These things. In fact, it's not that difficult. The most important thing is that the upper management must have unified thinking, and everything else will be easy to handle.
In the past, there was just a lack of someone to talk things over, but now that Fan Heng is confident and confident, the situation has finally changed. "