Chapter 1282 Leak

"Anything else? About this Mr. Van Anda?"

Dean Baquet knew his idol very well, and said almost without thinking, "Mr. Van Anda has also learned pictographs and published many reports on major archaeological excavations.

With the help of scientific instruments, he deduced that an inscription on a so-called 4,000-year-old Egyptian tomb unearthed in the 1910s was actually a fake, a fact that was later confirmed by ancient Egyptologists.

In addition, Van Ander refuted the assertion that the Titanic was unsinkable and prompted his men to report the disaster on the spot—a worldwide example of preemptive news.

In addition, during the First World War, Van Anda even equipped himself with military maps and looked for battle clues from them. He even foresaw several major battles later and assigned his reporters to interview on the spot in advance.

The period of The New York Times under the leadership of Mr. Van Anders was unrivaled in its reporting and contributed much to its later reputation. "

Spielberg nodded and changed the subject, "The New York Times has been established for hundreds of years and has participated in major historical events many times. Can you give a few examples?"

Dean Baquet spread his hands, "Of course, take the New York Times v. Sullivan case as an example. The U.S. Supreme Court's judgment on this case was a landmark case in the history of American journalism. The doctrine of actual malice has resulted in virtually unlimited privileges for American news outlets to criticize public officials of the state.

In 1960, the "New York Times" published an advertisement condemning the suppression of the black affirmative movement in several parts of the South and accusing the police of Montgomery, Alabama of unfair enforcement.

Sullivan, the public affairs commissioner of Montgomery, filed the lawsuit, arguing that the advertisement violated his right of reputation, and asked the court to order the New York Times to pay him half a million dollars in damages.

The Times refused to accept the verdict and appealed to the Federal Supreme Court.

Chief Justice Brennan at the time held that the Alabama Constitution was deficient in protecting free speech, that public officials were criticized for their official conduct, and that the state courts had failed to protect Constitutional First and Freedom of speech and expression required by the Fourteenth Amendment.

Therefore, the court finally ruled that the evidence provided by the defendant Sullivan in this case was not constitutionally sufficient to support a favorable judgment. Functions of judges.

According to the U.S. Constitution, the legislative power of the U.S. federal government belongs to Congress.

The law enforcement power belongs to the executive, and the judicial power belongs to the courts, and these three are independent of each other.

If the government wants to regulate the news, law enforcement agencies must have laws to follow.

In the more than two hundred years of American history, conflicts between the US federal government and the press have continued, but they have always been at a disadvantage. The key reason is the existence of the First Amendment to the Constitution.

Journalists in the United States are known as the uncrowned kings. The reason is that among the thousands of industries in the United States, journalism is the only one that can be protected by the Constitution. This unique status also makes journalists the core and central force that restricts and supervises the US government and protects civil rights. . "

However, this case of Dean Baquet did not make Spielberg smile. He turned his head and whispered a few words to the two screenwriters, and smiled apologetically, "Mr. Baquet, you should understand, the plot of the movie Tension is needed, and this case obviously cannot provide the stimulation needed to promote the plot, is there any more impactful case?"

Dean Baquet, after thinking for a long time, asked uncertainly, "I don't know if you remember the famous Pentagon leak?"

Spielberg became interested and pushed his black round glasses, "Of course I remember, maybe this is a good subject~"

Dean breathed a sigh of relief, "In 1971, the "New York Times" received a copy of a secret document of the US Department of Defense about the history of the Yuenan War, its full name is "The American Decision-Making Process on the Yuenan Issue".

At that time, after careful consideration, The New York Times decided to disclose this "Pentagon secret document" to the public, which caused a sensation in the United States for a while.

This report on the Pentagon Papers put the then president of "Watergate" in a dilemma.

Therefore, President 'Watergate' asked the New York Times to stop publishing related news in the name of national security.

However, the New York Times, citing the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, refused to compromise, went to court with the U.S. government, and finally won the case.

The full text of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution quoted by the Times is: Congress shall make no legislation—to establish a state religion or to prohibit freedom of religious belief; to infringe on freedom of speech or the freedom of the press; to deprive the people of the right to peacefully assemble or petition the government for redress.

Among them, the content that no legislation may infringe on freedom of speech or freedom of publication is also known as the 'freedom of speech clause' or 'freedom of publication clause'. "

While he was talking, the screenwriter immediately called up the information of the "Pentagon Leaks" case from the encyclopedia: the cause was the expansion of the Vietnam War. It will shrink the military power of the United States on the Yuenan battlefield and finally end this unpopular war.

As a result, after President 'Watergate' took office, he still supported this fruitless war. His colleagues dragged the face-saving US government into a bottomless pit, exhausted and unable to extricate themselves.

Because he insisted on going his own way at that time, he continued to place high hopes on his "Yuenanization" policy. In order to consolidate Nguyen Van Thieu's position, it was necessary to quickly destroy the North and South's military assembly areas in the so-called neutral countries of Cambodia and Laos. Bombing in secret and keeping Congress in the dark by falsifying bombing reports.

In the "Pentagon Papers incident", the confidential documents of the Ministry of Defense were exposed by the media, and the reputation of the federal government was discredited.

For this reason, the ZF tried to prosecute the editor of the news report on the charge of "leaking state secrets" and other charges in order to save some face, but in the end, the court complied with public opinion and did not take punitive measures against the editor and reporter involved, but protected their freedom of speech right.

However, during the data investigation, the screenwriter found that the newspaper that first reported the leak was the "Washington Post".

This is a bit embarrassing. For the sake of the plot, it may be more logical to use the "Washington Post" as the background.

But Spielberg is not only an excellent director, but also a businessman who knows how to operate capital. He quickly winked at the screenwriter, deleted the information, and turned to Yang Cheng, "Jason , if you don't mind, the movie may introduce a competitor to the New York Times, making the plot conflict more dramatic~"

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