66. Steady
As soon as the three policy questions came out, Bai Gui glanced at the room and found that many candidates were secretly complaining, but some candidates still showed confidence and answered them immediately. Read 520 official website
Scanning his eyes, he felt that these candidates who were in good condition, five or six of them were classmates he had seen in the Normal School. I think they were also like him, with connections and entered the Normal School to study.
Others were studying in other higher schools.
As for those who complained, they naturally had no connections and could only study hard in the countryside.
It seemed to be the same test paper, but as soon as they entered the venue, they were divided into different levels.
These questions were somewhat related to the questions of the Normal School's exam a few days ago. They were not deep, but by analogy, and reading a few more contemporary articles, it was estimated that they could roughly estimate how to answer.
This test question is reasonable. I heard that there are also questions about the opening of the Suez Canal, etc.
"Of these three questions, the first two are not difficult. The first one can be answered by reading more foreign historical materials. The second one analyzes agriculture. It has been discussed in the agricultural science of Shiwuzhai. I have also studied it carefully. As for the third question..."
"It is not difficult for those who have passed the test, but those who have not passed the test will inevitably fall behind if they are allowed to perform as they please..."
Bai Gui briefly analyzed the three questions. After all, it is the prefectural examination, the second most difficult hurdle for the examination of scholars. It is not a major examination such as the provincial examination, the joint examination, and the palace examination. It cannot be mentioned to the level of solving problems for the country. They are not Tongsheng yet. They are considered Tongsheng only after passing the prefectural examination. They have no qualifications to make suggestions for the country. These three questions are actually a test of erudition and memorization ability.
Of course, if there is no practice of eight-part essays and they are not familiar with some rhyme methods, even if they can answer the three questions, the article will read dry, and the examiner will not admit such candidates.
He pondered for a while, and then he had an idea in his mind. He picked up the pen and wrote on the paper, "Western Confucianism said: 'When two equals meet, public law is power; when two unequals meet, power is public law.' I always recite this saying and feel sad. The sincerity of public law cannot be relied on. Relying on public law is just an excuse for the powerful."
He first defined a policy question, that is, the thesis of a policy question.
The best policy essay is the one that expounds the thesis from the mouth of the ancient sages. In the previous college entrance examination education, the Chinese teacher had already taught it.
In fact, the Western Confucian view of this sentence is derived from Rousseau's equality theory and Spencer's evolution theory. At that time, there were two theories in the academic community, one is the equal rights faction, which respects Rousseau's "The Social Contract", and the other is the power faction, which is Spencer's "The Origin of Evolution".
And who refined the view of this sentence?
It was Liang Qichao who wrote in "On the Differences and Similarities of National Thought Changes" in 1901, seven years ago: "When two equals meet, there is no such thing as power, and reason is power; when two unequals meet, there is no such thing as reason, and power is reason."
The Reform Movement was a reform movement, and it was not so scary to mention it. Now that Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi have passed away, this sentence has nothing to do with the current situation.
Besides, he also changed the original words.
Can plagiarism by scholars be called plagiarism? This is called borrowing Liang Qichao's views!
There are countless references like this, and the streets are full of theoretical explanations of Rousseau and Spencer.
The meaning of this sentence is also very simple. When two equal countries meet, international law is the greatest power, but when two unequal countries meet, strength is power!
Next, the argument is elaborated: "In the past hundred years, the Western countries have been evenly matched, and there is no one who can enrich themselves by exploiting others. However, the name of preserving land has arisen. When people suddenly hear about it, they may have no choice but to do it, and even spare no effort to spend money and money... In fact, they all start with justice and end with profit. They are what they do. This is the cleverness of foreign policy."
Taixi, Tai means big, and it means to the extreme, so Taixi generally refers to Western countries.
This sentence means that in Europe, countries are evenly matched, and they cannot kill a country even if they fight, but the cost of money and food is too high, so they can only let other countries pay compensation. Over time, such a foreign policy convention has been formed...
After writing this paragraph, it is to cite historical materials.
The most important thing in the policy question is to cite and prove that your point of view is correct.
"When Napoleon wanted to attack Britain, the British seized the Danish navy for self-defense, and stationed troops to interfere in the internal affairs of Spain and Portugal to preserve their territory. At that time, it was nothing wrong because it was in line with public law. In the end, Britain held full power at sea without resistance. This is one thing."
"The Vienna Conference was to preserve the situation in Europe. It built up everything that Napoleon destroyed one by one. The name was not wrong, but after that, Russia, Austria and Prussia divided Poland, Somalia ceded land to Prussia, the Netherlands obtained the upper reaches of the Rhine, and Britain dominated the Mediterranean. This is another thing."
"And the Crimean War..."
Quickly, a series of historical materials were listed, with rigorous arguments.
Bai Gui ended the first question with the last sentence: "Alas, preserving land is the essence of public law, but it is just a resource for people to make profits, which is beyond the expectation of public law."
As for the example of the Qing court ceding land and paying compensation, he would not be taboo.
Adults, you also have to have face.
The second policy essay talks about the system of the Zhou Dynasty, which is the most detailed in terms of agricultural management. In recent years, most countries have studied agriculture, and most people believe that human management is more important than climate. The key points are land, capital, and labor. To be able to use these three resources correctly, we really need to rely on knowledge. Now a new school system has been set up, and agronomy has been listed as an independent subject, hoping to preserve the academic achievements of agricultural research. Please state the methods of agricultural education.
For ordinary scholars, what effective methods can be proposed for this kind of policy question?
Just like answering questions in later generations, you only need to list the recent policies on agriculture, and it is best to make suggestions based on the methods of other countries, but this should not be too much. It is best to mention one or two points, and don't mention more.
If you write too much, do you think the adults in the court are stupid pigs?
Although the imperial examination changed to eight-part essays and emphasized policy questions, it is the same as the previous practice. The first exam is emphasized. As long as you pass the first exam and enter the group case, you can pass the next few exams easily.
And the first exam also emphasizes the first question, as the name suggests, it is the first question.
Whether to dismiss or not depends on how well you write the first question. There are nearly 1,500 candidates in the provincial examination. How can the examiners have the time and mood to carefully read through each one? They only need to read one question and have a general impression, and then they can keep it. If you write poorly on the first question, you will be dismissed directly.
Bai Gui had already prepared the draft for the next two questions, and he had carefully revised every word, so he would definitely not make any taboos. He was the first candidate, and the admission decision had basically been made, so he should not make some small mistakes.
Seeking stability is the most important thing.