Chapter 2711 True Scriptures, False Scriptures, False Scriptures

Sima Hui felt that the "true scriptures" of the five gods actually implemented one of Fei Qian's concepts, which was that only genuine scriptures were needed, not things fabricated by later generations in the name of their predecessors.

There is nothing wrong with the predecessors writing the scriptures of the predecessors, and the descendants writing the books of the descendants, but the descendants have to involve the predecessors, and the scriptures of the predecessors are used as the standards or endorsements of the descendants. Using this to prove that your new work is okay is actually a fundamental mistake.

The idea of ​​​​China's progress should be as brilliant as newly blooming flowers every year, rather than being the same and old like ancient flowers.

The birth of the Ancient Classics was separated by a generation from the Modern Classics.

Moreover, Sima Hui now discovered that there are actually three batches, or three versions, of the Ancient Classics.

There may even be more versions out there...

That is, from Emperor Xiaowen to Emperor Xiaojing.

Why did Sima Hui think that the ancient scriptures were true before? It was mainly because one of the ancient scriptures was found in the Kong family's house, and the other one was Liu Yu. It is said that he had a stutter since he was a child, had a good voice, raised dogs and horses, and did not fight for the throne. ability, there is no need to use ancient scriptures to gain credit...

What King Lu Gong obtained may be true, but there has been no further movement on those books, and they have disappeared without a trace.

Sima Hui once felt that this matter was a pity, but now that he thought about it, besides being a pity, it became a bit more suspicious.

After all, according to common sense, since the book was obtained by King Lu Gong from destroying Confucius' house, it seems that it should not have been presented again by the Kong An family. The so-called family collection version of Kong Anguo and the Kongbi version of King Lu Gong are probably not the same.

Kong Anguo's Ancient Classics should be the second edition.

Kong Anguo's version is "from the past to the present", that is, he interprets the ancient text in a modern way. Therefore, although it is called ancient prose in name, it may not actually be entirely ancient prose.

So in whose hands should the first edition be?

Sima Hui thought it should be in the hands of Liu Xin, who was the son of Huainan King Liu Xiang. And Liu Xiang's father is Liu De, and Liu De is Liu Yu's brother, so if King Lu Gong Liu Yu gets a collection of books, and then as a guy who likes running dogs and voluptuous beauties, he will give the books out to his brothers. It seems to be a common inference that those who like these scriptures are the ones among them.

Liu Xin was very dissatisfied that the doctors at that time only taught modern scriptures and did not teach ancient scriptures. So he wrote to Emperor Ai of the Han Dynasty, accusing the Jin Wen Jing of being a newly compiled scripture after Xianshu of the Qin Dynasty, and was completely incomplete compared with the ancient "Shang Shu". Request to establish the ancient classics "Mao Shi", "Zuo Zhuan", "Li" and other ancient classics among the academic officials.

What a pity...

Liu Xin's Ancient Classics did not catch up with the good times, and the scriptures compiled by him may be true, but within a few years, Wang Mang took control of the real power. In order to facilitate the implementation of his own reforms, Wang Mang thought of "reforming the ancient scriptures". So the "Ancient Classics", which had just established a foothold, was about to start a big fight and carry forward its own theory. However, due to the fall of Wang Mang and the rise of Liu Xiu, sudden changes occurred and all of them were wiped out.

In addition, Sima Hui discovered in the Dongguan collection that in fact, when the Han Dynasty became emperor, there was a man named Zhang who produced 102 chapters of "Shangshu" and dedicated it to the emperor. The emperor ordered people to find the books dedicated by Kong Anguo from the warehouse for comparison, and found that the same title had completely different contents. Therefore, at least when the Han Dynasty became emperor, there were already many versions of the Ancient Classics, and Kong Anguo's version was still among the royal family at least when the Han Dynasty became emperor.

In fact, in history, it was not only the Han Dynasty where some people used the names of ancient and modern texts to make trouble. Even in the feudal dynasties that followed, there were also a large number of people who used the names of ancients and often said that they were written by so-and-so ancients. In fact? …

The authenticity of this ancient and modern text has always been a complex among Chinese literati. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the imperial court wrote a special letter of credence and sent it to North Korea, asking North Korea to look for any ancient scriptures, that is, ancient scriptures before the Song Dynasty. If there were any, they must be sent. Then Mr. Ouyang Xiu also wrote a poem, which said, "It is strictly forbidden to spread it to China, and no one in the world knows ancient prose." "The Great Collection of the Former Kings, the vastness of the ocean has no way to pass through it." If anyone could find it out, they would definitely shed tears of gratitude. From this aspect, it also proves from a certain perspective that the entire East Asian cultural circle developed from the origin of China.

For thousands of years, China's traffic password has been the word "respect the ancients". For traditional feudal dynasties, there is a self-evident truth. The older the era, the more authoritative and closer to the truth what is said.

On the one hand, this standard has brought benefits. The spirit of "respecting the ancients" has stimulated the vigorous development of Chinese history. It has also made China attach great importance to history and all dynasties, so that future generations can still read these thousand-year-old books.

On the other hand, this standard also brings disadvantages. A large part of these traditional scriptures and books are explained layer by layer, and they also rely on the ancients' words layer by layer. It forms a matryoshka form of "Jing, Zhuan, Commentary, Shu", with one layer explaining the next, and there is a clear arrangement of interpretation power between each layer. The explanation of the lower layer will never question or change the layer above.

"This...maybe this is what Qiaoqi really wants us to do..." Sima Hui stretched out his hand, perhaps originally wanting to pat Zheng Xuan's arm, but when he landed, he still patted the bedside, "Mr. Zheng ...Old guy, you need to get well soon... I don’t want to be the only one on stage to do this..."

"After all...this is also the road you have walked half way...ancient and modern, true and false, haha," Sima Hui sighed longly, "It's not as good as...a serious explanation...Now you have missed the sutra conferring ceremony, But this is a serious explanation, you have to get better...you can’t miss it..."

……(￣o￣).zZ……

Hussar General's Mansion.

"Father..."

Fei Zhen ran up to the back hall, first pretended to bow, and then said eagerly, "Father, I want to go to the scripture conferment ceremony!" 』

Fei Qian curled his lips slightly. He had turned a blind eye to all kinds of celebrations in later generations. The scripture conferring ceremony really didn't arouse any curiosity in him.

But when he turned around and saw Fei Zhen's eyes, Fei Qian seemed to understand a little bit.

"Well, if you want to go see it, it's not impossible...I can have someone take you to the best place to see it..." Fei Qian smiled and put down the book in his hand, "But..."

Feizhen slumped her shoulders and sighed sadly, "I knew it... Come on, father, what is the topic this time?" 』

"Well, let me think about it..." Fei Qian pinched the beard on his chin, "By the way, since we want to observe etiquette, we might as well try to talk about the word "ritual"! 』

"present? Fei Zhen swallowed her saliva and said, "Father, are you serious?" Such a big topic! 』

Fei Qian let out a laugh, "Now that we know that "rituals" are not easy, it means that we have gained some true meaning. How about it?" Well, you can also choose not to go and see it...if you go to see it, of course you have to write about it..."

Although "ritual" is a core of traditional Chinese culture, it is not easy to define "ritual" in concise words or to define a scope clearly. Because its connotation is too rich and difficult to contain.

The "Rites", "The Rites of Zhou" and the "Book of Rites" of Dai and Dadai cover the content of the establishment of the emperor's kingdom, the division of territories, as well as politics, law, culture and education, rituals, music, military punishment, taxes, servitude, finance, and crowns and mourning. Sacrifice, clothing and meals, palace carriages and horses, agricultural, commercial and medical divination, astronomical laws and calendars, etc., and even the craftsmanship of some utensils are included. It can be said that everything is included.

However, just like a long sword with a double edge, because it is too inclusive, it seems very complicated, and it can even be said that there is no core focus.

In fact, there is no core, and it doesn’t matter. Just like many subjects, we don’t actually know what the real core is. For example, in mathematics, are zeros and ones the core, or are operations, applications, or geometric space, micro and macro, the core? However, mathematics and other subjects have a gradual process, starting from the initial understanding of numbers to advanced mathematics, from easy to difficult.

But this "etiquette" seems to have never been prepared for people to learn from the beginning.

At any rate, there were some Nine Chapters on Arithmetic in the Han Dynasty, telling people that if they were interested in mathematics, they could first start studying and studying these mathematical problems in daily life. There are no dedicated people to study how to teach mathematics, but it can be regarded as pointing out a direction. You can start from the problems around you in daily life to climb the peak of mathematics.

But what about "rituals"?

Three rites?

Become a heavyweight king as soon as you take action?

Is there a three of diamonds to explore the way first or something?

Sorry, even the annotated version of the Three Rites is a one-stop process from three to A.

This is not a road at all, but a threshold!

Because it is very simple. It has been settled from the beginning. The so-called "courtesy is not disrespectful to common people".

But the question is, is it really good to "not be polite to common people"?

In the minds of these people, etiquette is common among nobles, while common people only have vulgarity. But this noble "etiquette" and the so-called lowly "vulgarity" have nothing to do with Yangchun Baixue and lower Liba people? Alas, we are from the city, what about these country bumpkins?

Fei Qian continued to read with a smile, while Fei Zhen held her head at the side with a frown on her face.

Fei Zhen felt that his head must be very big and heavy now, at least bigger than before. It would be very uncomfortable if he didn't hold his neck.

To go or not to go, that is a difficult question.

It’s fun to go there and watch the excitement, but you also have to do your homework!

Where did your father learn to write strategies on how to play? !

Moreover, this policy is not easy to write, it is like a formidable enemy baring its teeth and claws!

If you don’t go, first of all, there will be no fun to see, and...

Feizhen suddenly thought of something, tilted her head, and looked at Fei Qian with some suspicion, "Father, you just said, "If you go and see, you will naturally write." It seems that you didn't say, "If you don't go, there is no need to write." …Isn’t this a trick on me? 』

Fei Qian groaned, "Oh?" Did you guess it? I see, it seems I will have to pay more attention in the future... How about it, have you decided yet? 』

Feizhen sighed, "It's already like this, what else should we decide?" 』

Fei Qian laughed loudly, "This is the best of both worlds!" You go watch the fun and feel happy, and I get your advice and feel happy too. Isn’t this a win-win situation? The best of both worlds! 』

Feizhen shook her head, "No, this doesn't have the best of both worlds at all." 』

"Well, that's right. Fei Qian nodded, "But at least I gave you a better choice." Remember, except for your parents who will take care of you, other people will not give you any good or not-so-good choices, they will only give you bad choices, and even worse choices..."

Feizhen was silent for a while, nodded, then said goodbye and came out. She stood in the hall and thought for a while. Instead of turning to her backyard, she followed the pebble path through the bamboo forest and arrived at another small courtyard. As soon as I entered the door, I shouted, "Second mother!" I'm coming! 』

Cai Yanxi Jing, she and Huang Yueying are almost in two completely different directions.

In one courtyard, there would be clanging and dancing from time to time, while in the other courtyard it was quiet all year round, with the faint sound of the piano at most.

"I heard it..." Cai Yan said slowly, "Why are you looking for my second mother again?" Did your father leave homework for you? 』

"Uh..." Feizhen was startled for a moment, "Well, I just came to see my sister...and my future brother..."

"snort. Cai Yan put down the book in his hand, "You and your father are the same. You only come here when you have something to do... Tell me, what is it?" 』

Cai Yan is pregnant again. Under the stimulation of endocrine hormones, her temper is in a state of ups and downs.

"This..." Feizhen hesitated for a moment, but decided to confess, "I also want to ask Er Niang, what is "ritual"? 』

"You want to write "rite"? Hahaha..." Cai Yan laughed unkindly, "This is a big topic! 』

Feizhen sat down angrily, crossing her arms on her chest, "Who says it's not the case?" I just want to go and see the scripture teaching ceremony that will be held tomorrow, and then my father will ask me to write a policy essay on this! Isn't this deliberately trying to embarrass me? 』

Cai Yan rolled his eyes, "Oh, I understand." But it looks like you don’t understand yet. 』

"Ah, ah?" ” Feizhen’s eyes widened, and after a moment she honestly held her hands in front of her and said, “Please give me some advice. 』

"You said you were going to see the scripture teaching ceremony, right?" ” Cai Yan said calmly, “Isn’t this obvious? What your father wants you to write is not about such a big ritual, but how to go from the vulgar to the etiquette...or, in other words, how to go from the etiquette to the vulgarity..."

"From vulgarity to etiquette?" From etiquette to vulgarity? ” Feizhen repeated.

Being polite is naturally customary.

So what is vulgar?

"Shuowen Jiezi" says: "Customs, customs." 』That is to say, it refers to the habits of life. People live in their own specific environments, and over time, they form their own customs.

The gap between etiquette and customs is not completely insurmountable. In the "Book of Rites and Kings", the customs of the four directions are also described as follows, "The people in the east are called barbarians, who are tattooed, and there are those who eat without fire." The people in the south are called barbarians, and there are those who eat without fire. In the West, they are called Rong, and they are born with their skin peeled off, and there are those who do not eat grains. The people in the north are called Di, who live in caves with clothes and feathers, and there are those who do not eat grains. 』

"Therefore, those who eat without fire or grains are called barbarians Rong Di..." Cai Yan said slowly, "This is a custom... Don't think that there are no people in China who eat without fire or grains." Or... such as human sacrifice and human sacrifice... And for this topic, you have to start thinking about Xia, Shang and Zhou..."

"Xia, Shang and Zhou?" Feizhen swallowed again, "Er Niang, I just want to write a policy..."

"how? Cai Yan smiled slightly and said, "Do you think it's better to be more casual or more serious?" 』

Feizhen let out a long sigh, feeling that everything was not going well today, and next time she would do some divination before going out.

Yes, Xia, Shang and Zhou also had customs.

The human sacrifice mentioned by Cai Yan just now is one aspect, and the other aspect is divination.

No matter how big or small, everything needs divination.

The custom of divination has appeared in the Longshan Culture period of China at the latest. From ancient times to the Yin and Shang Dynasties, from turtle bones to prophecies, after such a long time, it not only did not disappear, but became the Eastern Han Dynasty's way to prove one's identity and gain the power to govern. This important tool, if Fei Qian hadn't cut off its source of infusion in Qinglong Temple's Great Treatise, it would have continued to become a tool for certain people or certain classes to deceive others and obtain benefits.

"Etiquette is a Zhou system. ” Cai Yan continued, “Before Zhou, you were rude. After Zhou, it was also rude. So why are there Zhouli and why are there no Zhouli? These are enough for you to write a dozen articles... Okay, that's all I can teach you... By the way, take your sister outside to play , she makes me have a headache..."

Cai Yan doesn't have to worry about her daughter getting hurt if she goes to play with Fei Zhen. Anyway, there are a lot of old ladies and maids watching. It's just that children's natural instinct is to follow the older children, and they will listen to the older children but not Listen to the adults.

Feizhen was helpless. He discovered that his father, mother, second mother, etc. were all pretty much the same. Anyway, if you wanted to get benefits, that was fine, but you also had to work.

No, if he came to ask questions, he would have to pay the price of bringing the girl with him.

"Eh! 』

Feizhen could only respond, then waited in the courtyard for a while, and then took the little guy to another courtyard.

No matter how noisy the little devils around her were, Feizhen was still thinking about the topic in her mind...

King Zhou conquered Zhou and established the Great Zhou Dynasty. However, the Zhou rites were not carried out by King Zhou alone, but by a core figure, Gongdan of Zhou.

Duke Zhou personally participated in the great struggle to conquer Zhou, and witnessed with his own eyes how powerful the Yin and Shang dynasty once was, but ended up falling. As an outstanding politician, Zhou Gongdan was also thinking about whether destiny was playing a role behind this major historical event. What should Zhou people do to maintain long-term peace and stability?

Thus, "ritual" was finally born.

Zhou Gongdan analyzed the political methods of the Yin and Shang kings and came to the conclusion that the Yin and Shang Dynasties died due to "immorality". In view of this, Duke Zhou proposed a political program for the implementation of "virtuous government". To ensure the implementation of "virtuous government", we must first establish a new political system, and secondly, formulate a systematic set of behavioral norms. The combination of the two is the earliest "ritual".

This initial "ritual" was later promoted by Confucius and developed by Xunzi, and gradually formed into a broad system, including not only political systems, but also moral standards and codes of conduct. "Etiquette" is no longer just a requirement for rulers, but also a requirement for knowledgeable "gentlemen", and has become a standard for noble officials and ministers.

So to say……

"oops! I see! 』

Feizhen clapped her hands and screamed excitedly, but the little girl next to her was startled. She suddenly opened her eyes and curled her mouth, and started crying loudly.

"Oops..." Feizhen was also startled, "Your loud voice is nothing like your mother... No, don't cry. Well, if you cry again, I won't play with you tomorrow." Got it! 』