Chapter 811 Route

Seeing these difficult projects, no one in the conference room could face them with a relaxed expression.

Because the longer they stay in this industry, the more they know how difficult these projects are.

Superconducting systems may be something a national institution can do, but for semiconductor systems in the quantum world, it is impossible for hundreds of people here to do it, because the semiconductor system includes photolithography machines, wafers, etc. Materials, as well as processing materials and equipment in each link need to be independently developed.

With so many people present, as long as we can work together to create a project, we can at least make an appearance on the evening news, if not leave a mark in history.

There is also the quantum communication algorithm behind it. Old man Yu, with his seniority, felt a little guilty when he saw the name of this project.

Because of this thing, Daxia Official and North America are currently doing better in the world, and Jiuzhou Technology actually wants to do this...

Mr. Yu glanced around without leaving any trace. He did not believe that this group of people could complete this project, at least not within a few years.

After Gu Qing wrote down a list of projects, he just tapped the chalk on the blackboard a few times, and then sighed: "Of course it is impossible for us to complete these projects independently, and it is impossible for us, or the entire Blue Star at present, to have such a force. These projects can be completed independently, unless the five permanent members can unite those scientific research institutions and work together to strive for science and technology for all mankind.

But obviously, in a country with a standard market economy where there are several companies, it is almost impossible to invest massive resources in such a project that will not see any return in the short term. "

Gu Qing was still very sincere and did not say anything. After all, the international situation is currently turbulent. What if a nuclear leader appears who does not regard everyone's life as his destiny?

“At present, the international community mainly focuses on the following two technologies.

One is a technical route based on the superconducting Josephson junction system, and the other is a gated quantum dot technology based on quantum semiconductors. "

Considering that some people in the conference room had not yet entered the quantum chip project, Gu Qing gave a brief explanation.

The Josephson junction is a junction formed by two superconductors separated by a very thin insulator or normal conductor, or by a superconducting bridge with a small cross-section, so that there is only weak coupling.

We also call it a superconducting tunnel junction. Superconducting electrons in it can tunnel through a semiconductor or insulator film from one side to the other.

However, in some previous experiments, we found that in fact, as long as two weakly coupled superconductors can form a Josephson junction, it does not necessarily need to be in the form of a tunnel junction.

The physical application of the Josephson effect is developing rapidly at present, and has formed an emerging discipline - superconducting electronics.

Gated quantum dot technology solves quantum problems from another perspective.

Quantum dots are nano-semiconductors.

And for low-dimensional semiconductor materials, whose dimensions in all three dimensions do not exceed twice the exciton Bohr radius of their corresponding semiconductor materials, the diameter of quantum dots is usually between 2 and 20 nanometers. Common quantum dots include: silicon quantum dots, germanium quantum dots, lead selenide quantum dots, indium phosphide dots, and indium arsenide quantum dots.

One approach to gated quantum dot technology is that a quantum metal gate made of phosphorus atoms embedded in silicon can be used to program qubits.

This structure can help researchers expand a single qubit into a full quantum computer.

Such qubits are embedded in a relatively isolated manner, making them easier to operate and more likely to succeed.

But for this possibility of success, the most advanced results in the world are that in some experimental cases, quantum dots can store information from a few minutes to a few hours, but not much more. "

Having said this, Gu Qing shook his head with emotion.

“I heard that so far, when conducting this experiment, the laboratory still chooses to use magnetic field pulses at a suitable oscillation frequency to control the donor qubits, thereby setting the state of the qubits or performing logical operations.

However, in the view of our project team, this solution can indeed work very well on a single qubit. After all, it only requires adding an on-chip microwave chip and a microwave source that can generate high-frequency pulses next to the single qubit.

But how can a quantum computer only require a few quantum dots, and this technology requires that each qubit needs its own corresponding microwave source. I heard that the cost of each microwave source for their project exceeds 100,000 US dollars. , as one can imagine, this will bring huge R&D and production costs.

Moreover, if there are too many quantum dots, the magnetic field of each microwave source and quantum dot will be like an interference wave, constantly interfering with the surrounding quantum dots. This is simply wishful thinking in order to realize quantum dots. . "

This was the first time that Gu Qing used insulting words when giving lectures.

But insiders have insider views.

All current projects related to quantum mechanics, just like the projects related to graphene in recent years, are about blowing hard, blowing hard, and making the most ideal project results can be directly used to cheat, um, no, Attract investment.

Then after taking the money, I started to go crazy and buy, buy, buy.

This kind of thing does not only exist in one Guojia, but similar situations occur all over the world. Even the higher the degree of capitalization of Guojia, the more often this kind of thing happens.

After Gu Qing complained about this, he also came up with his own ideas.

"Although there is still a prospect for silicon-based chips, from the perspective of the broader world in the future, we can directly abandon silicon-based chips and turn to fully break through carbon-based quantum chips.

Carbon-based chips are more stable, more stable in nature, and will only become easier to handle in terms of heat dissipation, manufacturing, and cost.

And the foundation of carbon-based chips allows us to have a more relaxed design idea. The limitations of silicon-based chips do not exist in front of carbon-based chips.

We can design an independent and sufficiently intelligent separate microwave source to let it oscillate all computer qubits covered in its own magnetic field.

And as long as the sensor and intelligent program are well controlled, this magnetic field generally does not affect the work of the qubit. Then, by applying voltage, the electrons in the atom are slightly deflected. This effect will turn to the oscillating electric field, and then the electrons and nuclei in the atom will respond to this, causing the resonance of the nuclei in the atom, causing it to change its state. .

If this idea can still work stably after the large-scale installation of qubits, then the quantum chip will no longer be a virtual chip that we simulate again and again with supercomputers, and can move from virtual to real to reality."