Chapter 2102 Asking for a Monthly Ticket
"Life in America ()"
The Americans still took action. In August 1953, the C~I~A of the United States and the Sixth Office of the British Army jointly planned an operation code-named "Ajax", which directly overthrew the Mossadegh government through a revolution. Satyr himself was banished.
Although Mossadegh is no longer in power, the nationalist sentiment of the Iraqi people is very high. Mossadegh is the first ZF leader truly elected by the people in the history of Iraq. Western powers that flaunt democracy, when faced with major When it comes to interests, it is possible to trample on this principle.
Iran refused the Anglo-Iranian company to independently develop Iranian oil. The oil companies from the United States, Britain, France and the Netherlands jointly divided up the assets originally belonging to the Anglo-Iranian company and formed a new company: the Iraqi Oil Joint Venture Company. In the new company, the Anglo-Iranian The company accounted for 40%, 5 American companies shared 40%, Shell accounted for 14%, and the French company accounted for 6%.
The revenue of the new company will be divided 50-50 with the Iranian ZF. Iran can finally share the revenue equally with Western oil companies like Venezuela and Saudi Arabia. This is an important progress before complete nationalization, which can also be called quasi-nationalization.
The world established by the British-Iranian company for 50 years has suddenly become divided among the people. I must be in a bad mood. Fortunately, the Iranian government decided to give 25 million pounds, and several new companies took out a total of 32 million pounds to compensate the British-Iranian companies. Iraqi company, in addition to 182 million pounds of mining royalties.
But I don’t know if it’s out of anger, Yingyi officially changed its name to BP. Although this trademark has been used for a long time, anyway, it doesn’t want to have any connection with Yilang.
After a series of blows, BP's strength has declined sharply. If there is no new cake to eat, I am afraid that their end will be declining day by day.
But God has not forgotten BP. In 1969 and 1970, BP discovered large oil fields in Alaska of the United States and the North Sea of the United Kingdom respectively, which gave BP new opportunities to make up for its losses in the Middle East.
However, this also forced the company to significantly increase investment in exploration and construction, especially in these two places where the natural environment is extremely harsh. The wind and waves in the North Sea once swallowed BP's exploration ship "Ocean Treasure", causing heavy casualties.
The tundra in Alaska, the interests of indigenous people, and Greenpeace also put pressure on BP. Therefore, BP decided to sell some shares in oil fields in exchange for cash. In 1972, it sold 45% of the shares in Abu Dhabi oil fields to RB. , and received $700 million in cash.
Two years later, the conservative party stepped down, the stock price plummeted, and Burma Petroleum Company, BP's major shareholder, was on the verge of bankruptcy. In order to obtain funds and repay the loan, Burma transferred the 23% shares pledged to the Bank of England to the bank.
In this way, the British government and the National Bank hold a total of 74% of the BP shares. Derek was very worried about the government's majority of the shares. He once told Tony Benn, the Labor Party's government energy minister at the time, "the BP shares held by the government should be controlled. Below 50%, so as not to damage the reputation of the company in the United States, New Zealand and more than 80 other countries and regions.
I hope that part of Burma's shares should be sold publicly, as long as it is not sold to foreign governments."
Tony Benn is one of the few staunch supporters of oil nationalization in the Labor government. As the energy minister, he does not want the North Sea oil resources belonging to the United Kingdom to be divided up by foreign countries.
The differences between Derek and Ben are actually right for each side. As the ZF, he is concerned about the country's resources and ZF's control of strategic resources, and he is not happy for foreign countries to intervene in the North Sea exploration.
Derek is concerned about the overall situation of the company. In other words, Ben only sees the North Sea, but Derek has the whole world in his mind. At this time, what Derek wants to say most is: You only know that you don’t want others to adopt the UK. oil, but we get far more oil in other countries than Britain.
But because of the intervention of other European countries,
Even the United Kingdom has less than half of the mining rights in the North Sea, which belongs to the United Kingdom, and Tony Benn has completely given up the nationalization of oil.
At this time, the British economy was in the most critical time. The new Prime Minister Callaghan had to ask for help from the International Monetary Fund, and the Ministry of Finance also made a decision to sell some BP shares.
In 1977, ZF entrusted nine securities companies to sell 66 million BP shares held by ZF. This "sale of the century" earned a total of 540 million pounds, alleviating financial difficulties.
Prior to this, the British government established the National Oil Company to maximize its possession of North Sea oil resources, but it was later acquired by BP, which is a later story.
Until the autumn of 1986, the British government still held 32% of the shares in BP. The historical background of this era was the iron lady, the conservative prime minister, who was fully promoting a series of economic reform measures, replacing Keynesianism with Thatcherism, and trying to reshape BP. U.K.
As a cure for the "British disease", state-owned enterprises were fully privatized. Therefore, the Ministry of Finance notified Walters, then chairman of BP, to sell all the shares held by ZF.
This sale is fundamentally different from the 1977 Labour-Party Callaghan ZF’s urgent need to sell shares to save finances. For the ZF, money is not the most important thing, but restructuring is the most important thing.
The person in charge of the London Stock Exchange suggested to ZF, “Since the amount of shares sold on the market this time is quite huge, creating the largest transaction record on the exchange, the sales can be completed in three years within three years to avoid shocks to the stock market. .”
However, ZF did not accept it, and insisted on selling it all at once. The British ZF obviously did not estimate the seriousness of the matter. They probably did not notice the cautious approach of the US ZF in handling the case of DuPont’s shareholding in General Motors in accordance with the Anti-Monopoly Act. DuPont The stake in GM took many years to sell off as planned. In 1987, all of BP's state-owned shares were listed and traded, and ZF only retained a symbolic 1.8% stake in the end, but they were all sold in the end.
Because of the huge amount, the London stock market plummeted immediately. As a remedy, the government arranged for the Bank of England to buy some stocks.
Walters, chairman of BP, warned the exchange that a large number of stocks may fall into the hands of foreign capital, which is a result that neither the British government nor BP wants to see.
Walters' warning soon became a reality. Kuwait, a Gulf country, has accumulated huge foreign exchange earnings since it completed the nationalization of the oil industry more than ten years ago, and used this earnings as capital to establish the Kuwait National Investment Authority.
The bureau with deep pockets bought 13 of the BP shares sold by the British Treasury, which is 10% of BP's shares.
The British government persuaded the Kuwaiti authorities not to increase their holdings, but within a week, the shares controlled by the bureau rose to 15%, 18%, and finally 22%.
During this period, British Foreign Secretary Jeffrey Howe and U.S. Secretary of Energy Parkinson met with the Kuwaiti Foreign Minister Khalifa, and asked Kuwait to stop it with the order of the two major powers.