Chapter 402 Extreme Star

This seems to be a side evidence for the speculation of the ruling committee members that "there are things behind the scenes that do not allow human civilization to advance to level five."

However, according to the previous resolution, if this is confirmed, then human civilization will start planning to break away from the Silver Alliance.

But... the significance of this matter is so great that it is even directly related to the fate of human civilization. One slight mistake would result in immediate death and annihilation, and the entire civilization would be removed from the galaxy.

"You have to be more cautious."

After thinking silently for a long time, Liu Yuan slowly said: "One side of the evidence is not enough to fully confirm our previous guess. We need more evidence."

The ruling committee members nodded silently.

This is not a child's game guessing the size. It doesn't matter if you guess wrong.

"Our conjecture is that the malicious founder civilization does not allow us to advance to a fifth-level civilization. In this case, let's test it more directly, and we will directly attack the dark force theory!"

Han Yang made up his mind.

Although human civilization at the current stage has not yet fully digested the technology from the Yunguang Civilization, let alone truly transformed what it has learned into productivity and combat effectiveness, it has reached the height of the Yunguang Civilization in some branches of technology. .

At this level, it is already possible to conduct tentative research on the dark force theory from some unimportant aspects.

Under the arrangements of the ruling committee, the space carrier of the fifth-level civilization was mobilized again and began to carry some scientific researchers and a large number of experimental devices. It left the solar system with rumbling artillery fire and flew towards the direction of Corona Australis. go.

The number of human scientists who left the solar system on this space carrier was around 20,000. Counting some logistics, support, and industrial personnel, the total number reached 50,000.

Of course, these 50,000 people are all dummies operated by Han Yang, not a single real person.

This trip is full of dangers, and it is very likely that they will all die in the vast sea of ​​stars. Han Yang couldn't bear to let real scientists take such a big risk.

About five years later, with a change of light and shadow, the space carrier appeared in the vast space.

It is about 470 light-years from the solar system. Like the rest of interstellar space, this place is vast, empty, cold and dark.

However, detection equipment shows that the various radiations in this area are abnormally strong, even stronger than the radiation around blue giant stars.

As we all know, as the most massive type of star, blue giants have ultra-high brightness and ultra-strong radiation.

Lighter nuclides such as hydrogen react violently inside the blue giant at a rate even millions of times that of ordinary stars like the sun.

Such intense temperature and brightness bring about super strong stellar winds, making blue giants like sprinklers, throwing matter into space all the time.

There are even some extreme blue giant stars whose brightness can even reach or exceed the Eddington luminosity limit.

Light is also stressful. When light shines on an object, it will exert pressure on the object. In the Earth Age, people also imagined creating huge light sails and using the light pressure of sunlight to conduct space navigation.

Once the star's brightness reaches the Eddington luminosity limit, the light pressure of the light released by the star itself will exceed the constraint of the star's own gravity on its own material.

Therefore, simply driven by light pressure, stellar matter can break away from its own gravity and be thrown into interstellar space on a large scale.

Some of the more violent blue giant stars can throw an entire Earth's mass into space into space in one second.

All this mass will turn into a stream of high-energy charged particles, sweeping across the entire galaxy just like the dwarf planet detonated by Han Yang through a gravity bomb.

It is conceivable how powerful the radiation around the blue giant star will be and how harsh the environment will be.

That is a place that no spacecraft created by the fourth-level human civilization is willing to go near.

At this moment, this space is clearly dark, and no stars can be seen at all, but the environment here is even worse than that around the blue giant.

High-energy gamma rays, X-rays, various nuclear radiations, extremely fast charged particle flows, etc., sweep across this vast and empty space.

Fortunately, all the scientific research spacecraft that came aboard the space carrier this time have made the most complete preparations, so that they can survive in this space at this time.

Leaving the space carrier, a total of hundreds of spacecraft of various types began to move forward slowly.

As the distance shortened, a dim planet appeared in the telescope lens in the visible light band.

This is a very strange planet.

Under the current magnification of the telescope, stars that are several light-years away can show a disk-like shape instead of a small point of light.

But the distance of this planet is only a few hundred billion kilometers, less than 0.1 light-year, but when it appears in the telescope lens, it is still a small bright spot, with no shape at all.

The distance is getting closer again, but it is still a small bright spot.

This means it has an extremely small size. However, it is the only macroscopic star that exists in this star field.

The reliable equipment on the spacecraft detected a gravitational environment equivalent to that created by a star with a mass of 0.9 times the sun. And, the radiation environment in this star field is unmatched by even blue giant stars. Apart from it, there are really no other candidates.

The mass is so huge, the radiation is so intense, but the volume...is so small?

The research spacecraft approached again, and with the help of the anti-radiation equipment turned on at full power, it finally arrived safely at a distance of only more than one million kilometers. It was not until this distance that the telescope completely captured its disk-shaped structure.

It was a tiny star with a radius of only 18 kilometers.

It is a neutron star.

In the star catalog of human civilization, it is numbered as RXJ185635-3754, located in the direction of Corona Australis, about 470 light years away.

In the entire universe, it is the closest neutron star to the solar system.

About one million years ago, when primitive humans were still in the Stone Age, its predecessor, a white subgiant with a mass of about 2.6 times that of the sun, reached the end of its life and exploded as a supernova.

Most of the matter that makes up this star was shattered by this explosion, which can almost be called the most violent physical process in the universe, and was directly thrown into space.

The core, which is about 0.9 times the mass of the sun, was compressed directly into this tiny star with a radius of only 18 kilometers by the extreme compression of the interior caused by the explosion.

Its electrons were directly pressed into the nucleus and merged with protons to form neutrons.

In this process, not to mention the electromagnetic force, even the electron degeneracy pressure could not resist.

So, the entire planet is composed entirely of neutrons. Moreover, the neutrons are also densely compressed together, with almost no gaps between them.

For normal matter, the gap between the nucleus and the electrons occupies more than 99% of the entire atomic volume. In other words, normal matter is actually "hollow".

Tables, chairs, steamed buns, bread, noodles, water, gold, silver, copper, iron...

And so on, all normal matter is actually hollow.

But neutron stars are different. There is no such gap inside it.

Therefore, neutron stars have extremely high density.

The density of a white dwarf is about a few tons per cubic centimeter. But the density of a cubic centimeter of neutron star matter can be as high as tens of millions of times that of a white dwarf, reaching about 100 million tons, or even higher mass.

Compared with a white dwarf, the density of normal matter is as thin as a vacuum. But compared to neutron stars, the density of white dwarfs is as thin as vacuum.

Such a huge mass and such a small volume give neutron stars extremely terrifying surface gravity.

Just like the neutron star selected as the target by the human scientific expedition fleet at this moment, its surface gravity is as high as billions of times that of the earth. If the rotation of the neutron star and the influence of the relativistic effect are not considered, its gravitational acceleration even exceeds the speed of light.

Even if the relativistic effect is introduced as a correction, the escape velocity of this neutron star has reached about 150,000 kilometers per second, reaching half the speed of light.

That is, if an object wants to escape from the surface of a neutron star, its speed must reach half the speed of light. Otherwise, it can only be bound to the neutron star and can never escape.

The other side of the escape velocity is the upper limit of the speed that the gravitational field of the star can accelerate for foreign objects.

For example, the escape velocity of the earth is 11.2 kilometers per second. That is, when an object falls from a height to the earth, no matter how high its original position is, without considering the influence of air resistance, its maximum speed of hitting the earth can only reach 11.2 kilometers per second.

The escape velocity of this neutron star reaches 150,000 kilometers per second, that is, it can accelerate the object falling to it to a speed of 150,000 kilometers per second.

How much energy can a person burst out?

In ordinary environments, human power is extremely limited, and it can only lift a hundred kilograms at most, which is only about one thousand joules in energy.

But if this person can take risks and want to burst out more powerful energy, then the neutron star is an excellent choice.

He doesn't need to do anything else, just jump to the neutron star. The gravitational acceleration of the neutron star will automatically accelerate it to a speed of 0.5 times the speed of light, and then make it hit the neutron star heavily.

At this speed, an ordinary person weighing 70KG will release about 7.88*10^17 joules of energy through collision with a neutron star. The famous Tsar Bomb of the Earth era released only about 4.2*10^17 joules of energy after its explosion, which is only about half of this number.

Therefore, the higher platform of the neutron star has enabled an ordinary person to burst out energy far beyond his own limit.

Neutron stars are such extreme, extreme, and magical stars.

Today, Han Yang has determined that around this magical star, there is the mystery of the dark force theory, a theory that describes the underlying laws of the universe at a deeper level.

Han Yang knows that the dark force theory is mainly used to describe dark matter and dark energy.

In addition to the four fundamental forces of strong force, weak force, electromagnetic force, and gravity, the dark force can be regarded as the fifth fundamental force.

This fundamental force has shaped the current pattern of dark matter and dark energy.

As early as the second-level civilization stage, human scientists already knew that the masses of all visible matter in the universe, such as the myriad stars, the vast dust, the huge galaxy, etc., only account for about 20% of the total energy of the entire universe.

The remaining 80% is all dark matter and dark energy.

If you want to have a deeper understanding of the underlying laws of the universe, dark matter and dark energy are a threshold that cannot be bypassed.

We must have a deep enough understanding of these two, figure out their existence and operation rules, find a complete set of theories to describe them, and unify them with the previous four fundamental forces under the same framework, in order to further understand the universe.

This is the theory of dark force. Mastering the theory of dark force can become a level 5 civilization.

Dark matter has a very peculiar property. It is invisible and intangible, and even more mysterious than neutrinos. At present, it can only be confirmed that there is only gravitational interaction between dark matter and visible matter, and there is no other mechanism.

Therefore, if you want to detect dark matter, it is inevitable to find a place with a strong gravitational field as a test site.

Although the gravitational field of a white dwarf is extremely strong, it still cannot meet the requirements. The gravitational field of a black hole is sufficient, but based on the black hole's hairless principle, Han Yang cannot observe the changes inside the black hole, and it is also ruled out.

Therefore, neutron stars have become the only alternative to launch a charge against the dark force theory.

Its gravitational field is strong enough, but not so strong that even light cannot escape. Han Yang can still detect the changes inside it through some means. Therefore, Han Yang traveled hundreds of light years away and came to the side of this neutron star.

Next to this tiny but powerful planet with the power to destroy the world, people's scientific research bases and spacecraft, as well as the speed of up to 100,000 kilometers per second, are spinning around it crazily, almost every minute or so, and under the influence of the relativistic clock slow effect, under the influence of heavy armor and radiation protection layer, they have carried out experimental research on it.

This is the first time in the history of human civilization that research on dark matter and dark energy has a clear purpose and a certain foundation.

However, in Han Yang's view, the current research is not even a preliminary research. Compared with the impact of the fourth-level civilization theory of everything and the real unification of gravity, the current research on the theory of dark force can barely be regarded as Newton just seeing an apple fall in front of him.

They haven't even mastered classical mechanics, let alone special and general relativity and quantum mechanics. They haven't even mastered this, let alone the subsequent grand unified theory and the theory of everything.

But this is a clear signal. A signal that human civilization is unwilling to be trapped in the fourth-level civilization stage and wants to launch an impact to a higher level.

Tens of thousands of people, under Han Yang's manipulation, started data collection and analysis. Han Yang's remaining attention is closely following the external situation. (End of this chapter)