Chapter 1806 Quantum Parallel?
"More specifically, the standard collapse theory has two dynamical laws.
One is that the physical system evolves in a linear deterministic way when it is not measured; the other is that the physical system evolves in a nonlinear random way when it is measured. But why can't the linear deterministic law be used to describe the measuring instrument and the observer?
So the standard collapse theory is not logically consistent.
In the multi-world interpretation, there is no longer a distinction between the quantum world and the classical world in nature. In the quantum science, all systems are quantum.
Silver atoms are quantum, Jiaolong mobile phones are quantum, our SR1 glasses are quantum, you are quantum, and I am quantum.
So, under this theory, no matter how big the matter is, or how small the matter is, between different systems, they are also Any system can be entangled, and any system can be in a superposition state.
According to quantum standards, different superposition states are just different parallel worlds.
If more observers open the door and look at the record book, they will be entangled with the existing large system. In the multi-world interpretation, no one is special, and everyone can be described by quantum states.
But theoretically, this does not really copy two parallel worlds. For example, the mass and energy in them have not doubled. This is just two states of the same system, just like
an atom is in two states, one is a superposition state with spin up and the other spin down, not two atoms.
Can you understand it? "
Hearing this, it has not exceeded the cognitive scope of the quantum world, so everyone nodded.
Li You and some professors, on the other hand, looked thoughtful.
They have an immature "ominous premonition". This time, Mr. Gu is afraid that he will throw them a century-old problem that they will never be able to verify in their lifetime...
However, this speculation was quickly suppressed by them.
After all, according to their "experience", at this time, if they do not devote themselves to Mr. Gu's narration, they may not be able to keep up with the subsequent discussion.
Gu Qing did not split his attention, but concentrated on operating the virtual reality imaging device in front of him.
He began to split and copy several virtual balls he had squeezed.
"You can regard these virtual balls as matter, world, and quantum state.
In the experiment, the electron beam is regarded as electrons shot in sequence. When the electrons pass through the magnetic field, they will split into two worlds. The electrons in one world fly up, and the electrons in the other world fly down. If there are n electrons in the beam, then it will split into 2n worlds.
From a statistical perspective, this is similar to the classical probability of tossing a coin in statistics.
In theory, the probability of the front and back appearing is half and half, and we can naturally find that the number of electrons distributed up and down in most worlds is about the same.
In the case of a small number of samples, it is not ruled out that there are some particularly lucky worlds, in which all the electrons fly up, just like the probability of all words or all patterns appearing when only tossing a coin ten times or a hundred times will gradually decrease, but it does not mean that there will be no such probability.
Probability is originally the result of a large amount of data statistics. If you only do one or a few experiments, at this time, there is no probability to talk about.
Only when we study the correlation between the probabilities of two particles, such as observing particles on both sides of the spin singlet state at the same time, will we find that quantum probability will violate Bell's inequality.
Science, at this time, seems to be a little unscientific. In other words, some of the problems we encounter in the research of quantum communication and quantum chips are caused by the incompleteness of theoretical exploration. "
Hearing this, Li You sighed in his heart.
Problems caused by incomplete theoretical exploration?
There is no one in this world who can complete the theoretical exploration comprehensively, no matter how many people there are.
In Li You's view, if a person can understand everything, he is no longer a person, but a "god" defined in myths and legends.
Omniscience can also be omnipotent.
"Speaking of which, when we were studying quantum chips, we also discussed Schrödinger's cat.
From the simplest level, our observation behavior will cause changes in the world. Schrödinger's cat, when covered, is in a state of both life and death, and when we humans open the box to watch, it is this behavior that kills the cat.
But the measurement behavior in the multi-world interpretation will only change the observer himself. The cat's wave function has been determined, but when humans open the box, human memory and the cat's wave function become entangled, and everything evolves according to the unitary evolution of the wave function. There is no instantaneous drastic change at the moment of measurement.
And according to the multi-world interpretation, World interpretation, the two components of this wave function represent two parallel worlds.
That is, in one world, the cat is still alive. But in another world, the cat is dead.
These two worlds are equally real and exist in parallel.
When the observer completes the observation of the cat, quantum entanglement is formed between the observer and the cat.
After the observation is completed, every state of the cat and every possible state of our observer, that is, the state of seeing the cat dead and the state of seeing the cat alive, are no longer independent states.
After the observation, the cat is no longer an independent existence, it is entangled with us observers.
In the view of some scientists, this means that during the observation process, the world described by the initial wave function splits into many mutually unobservable but equally real world branches, each of which corresponds to a certain member state in the superposition state of the entire system.
It can be considered that the entanglement of the instrument and the environment causes decoherence and thus the splitting of the world.
Therefore, in each separate world branch, a measurement only produces a certain result. Although the results in each world branch are not the same, different "parallel worlds" can also be understood as ensembles in statistical mechanics.
This is the "many world interpretation", but I personally think that it is still the most original expression to be more accurate, such as "cosmic wave function".
In this theory, the concept of Schrödinger equation will always be applicable.
After all, the observation process can apply the wave equation to the entire system including the observer and the measured object, and each measurement can be considered to cause the wave function of the large system composed of the observer and the measured object to become a superposition state of two or more branches that cannot interact with each other, or split into many parallel worlds.
Based on this deduction, our quantum chip and quantum communication will also involve the interpretation of information in this parallel world. "