Chapter 267 A Discovery that Changed the Edifice of Physics!

In the auditorium, the audience expressed their opinions on the question raised by Xu Chuan.

In the front row, Frank Wilczek reached out and poked Witten who was sitting next to him.

Witten cast a puzzled look.

"What do you think is the answer to the question just now?" Wilczek asked.

Witten thought for a moment and said, "If we change the question by one word - "When facing the vast universe, what is the biggest 'difficult' problem encountered by human science so far?"

"Then there may be many answers to this question."

"For example, the iron wall of light speed limits human observation of the universe, such as how mass originated, or what is the reason for space-time expansion."

"But 'When facing the vast universe, what is the biggest mystery encountered by human science so far? '."

"There is probably only one answer to this question."

Frank Wilczek: "Dark matter? "

Edward Witten nodded.

Dark matter is the biggest mystery faced by all scientists in the process of studying the universe so far.

One of the essential problems of scientific research is "the science of matter".

And what exactly is the "dark matter and dark energy" that occupies 96% of the total mass of the universe? From the beginning of human observation of the universe to now, we still know nothing about it.

Even the mysterious black hole that can swallow light is dazzling enough under the observation of modern science. In fact, today's science has enough ability to take pictures of it and present it to the public.

However, more than a hundred years have passed, and dark matter has not yet been discovered. No one can observe it. It is a "mysterious existence" that is far more difficult to capture than a black hole.

It is as mysterious as ever. Humans cannot see it, nor can they know what it is made of, let alone its properties.

Except for the fact that there is a substance unknown to humans in the universe through the movement of celestial bodies, the phenomenon of Newton's universal gravitation, the gravitational lens effect, the formation of large-scale structures in the universe, etc., there is no trace of it at all.

After more than a century of research, modern scientists have found that human cognition of dark matter has reached its "peak" since the moment it was discovered.

"In In the data of the ALICE detector, the 120um (rφ direction) beam z observation data of the anti-helium-3 nucleus in the inner tracking system"

On the podium, Xu Chuan did not stay on the question for too long, nor did he give his own answer, but started the core of the entire press conference.

Announce the results of the analysis of the ALICE detector data this time.

With his report, when the discovery of inert neutrinos appeared on the projection screen along with the Daritz diagram, and when the relationship between inert neutrinos and dark matter was described, the commotion in the auditorium became more and more obvious.

Not only was the podium carrying The journalists who were busy taking pictures opened their mouths wide, and even the physicists who were invited to attend the report could not suppress their surprise.

Although many of these people had already learned about the content of this report through the invitation letter in advance.

But when Xu Chuan stood on the podium and announced the news, it was still shocking.

"We have completed the analysis of the 120um (rφ direction) beam z observation data of the anti-helium-3 nucleus in the inner tracking system. Theoretically, the confidence level of a new type of particle that has not yet been discovered in the physics community has reached 3sigma."

"In the second half of this year, CERN will launch more particle collision experiments around this discovery to collect more data to confirm whether it is a sterile neutrino or another particle we have never discovered."

"The content of this press conference has been reported, and it will be time for questions. "

After the words fell, the reporters in the front row raised their hands in unison.

If it weren't for the stage, they would have rushed up and stuffed the microphone into Xu Chuan's mouth.

On the podium, Xu Chuan stretched out his hand to signal the first reporter to ask a question.

As a Chinese, the first reporter he signaled was naturally the boss of the Chinese media, the reporter arranged by the Central Bank, but this time it was not the acquaintance who came, but another female reporter who was usually responsible for interviews in the field of physics.

After all, this kind of press conference must involve some professional knowledge and questions. If the reporter who went to interview didn't know anything, it would definitely not work.

After receiving Xu Chuan's signal, the reporter from the Central Bank stood up excitedly and took the microphone from the staff.

"Professor Xu, you just mentioned inert neutrinos and dark matter at the press conference. Can you explain it in detail?"

Xu Chuan nodded and said, "Of course."

"Dark matter is a kind of invisible matter in physics that is theoretically proposed to exist in the universe. It may be the main component of cosmic matter, but it does not constitute any celestial body that we can currently see and observe. ”

“Combining the observation of the anisotropy of the microwave background radiation in the universe and the standard cosmological model (ΛCDM model), we can determine that the dark matter in the current observable universe accounts for 85% of the total mass of all matter and 26.8% of the total mass-energy of the universe. ”

“It is the main component of the universe and has not yet been discovered by us. ”

"And the inert neutrino is also a basic particle of the universe proposed in physics theory. It may be a basic particle that constitutes dark matter."

"From the analysis results of the ALICE detector 13Tev energy level collision experiment data, this area is very likely to hide a particle that is currently unknown to humans, and from the data, this unknown particle may be the inert neutrino in theory."

After the voice fell, countless media reporters raised their hands again.

This time Xu Chuan picked it randomly, and the media reporter who was called was quite excited.

"Professor Xu, you just mentioned a professional term in your report, 3sigma confidence. Can you explain what this means?"

Xu Chuan: "Sigma is a standard used in statistics to represent standard deviation, that is, a standard for the degree of dispersion of data. It is also called "three times the standard deviation method". It is a statistical criterion used to measure the normal range of a specific sample combination of a specific test item."

"You can understand that 3sigma means that the probability of this happening is above 99.73%."

Hearing this, the crowd in the audience became agitated again.

Especially for those journalists who don't know much about high-energy physics, a probability of 99.73% is already very high, almost the same as if it had happened.

"Professor Xu, does such a high probability mean that you have found dark matter?" A journalist in the audience quickly followed up and asked.

Xu Chuan shook his head and said, "I have never said such a thing. In the physics world, if you want to confirm the occurrence of an event or the existence of a new particle, you need to reach a confidence level of at least 5 sigma."

"The 5-sigma confidence level can be understood as 99.99994% of the observed results are true results. Only when this confidence level is reached can the true existence be confirmed."

"So the next work of CERN is to conduct more experiments around this unknown new particle and collect more data to improve the confidence level."

After the words fell, another media reporter stood up: "Professor Xu, if I remember correctly, this collision experiment was carried out on September 28, 2018."

"On the day the collision experiment was launched, a magnitude 7.5 earthquake occurred in Sulawesi, Indonesia, killing more than 2,000 people and injuring more than 1,000 people. Is there any connection between the two? Did the operation of the LHC cause the Sulawesi earthquake? Is this a warning from God?"

Hearing this question, Xu Chuan looked at the media reporter who asked the question. Sure enough, it was a foreign reporter who was making trouble, looking at him with hatred.

"This is something that has no basis. In fact, the operation of LHC does not cause any damage to the earth's ecological environment, nor will it cause natural disasters such as earthquakes."

At the CERN press conference, such media reporters always raise all kinds of strange questions.

There are also a group of people who have always believed that the operation of LHC will bring disasters to the earth, so every year they gather a large number of people to protest and stop the LHC experiment.

In this regard, Xu Chuan can only say that the popularization of nine-year compulsory education abroad is really lame, and such people should go to treat their brains.

But he can't say this at the press conference, and he has to be careful when answering this question. Once these media reporters catch any out-of-context answers, it will be shit if it's not falling into the pit.

In the auditorium, the atmosphere is quite hot.

In addition to a small number of media that raised some strange questions, more media reporters focused on things like inert neutrinos, dark matter, and the universe.

There is no way, this discovery is really amazing.

Inert neutrinos, dark matter, dark energy

If there is such a particle in the data of the 13Tev ultra-high energy collision experiment, in a sense, this will be a subversive discovery.

Many people present thought of the "neutrino superluminal event" nearly ten years ago, when the OPERA collaboration from Italy announced that it had discovered "neutrinos that exceed the speed of light" in a neutrino experiment.

This result almost directly broke the special theory of relativity created by Einstein in the last century, and almost subverted the entire physics community.

Fortunately, it was later confirmed that superluminal neutrinos do not exist, but a problem caused by a problematic optical fiber cable created this embarrassing oolong incident.

And this time, if the inert neutrino, a particle related to dark matter, is confirmed, although it will not directly subvert the entire physics community, it will bring a broader future to mankind.

In this Internet age, the speed of message transmission is undoubtedly quite fast.

In the afternoon of the day after the press conference, various media quickly passed on the content of the press conference.

The titles were more shocking and dazzling than the last.

"Shocking! The youngest Nobel Prize winner in history confirmed the existence of dark matter!"

"Dark matter, which accounts for more than 85% of the total mass of the universe, was discovered by CERN. It actually looks like this!"

"Inert neutrino! A particle beyond the standard model is also a bomb thrown at high-energy physics. The building of physics is about to collapse!"

". "

The titles, which were more explosive than the last, soon set off the entire Internet and attracted countless people.

[Fuck! Dark matter has been discovered? ]

[No, it just said that a new particle may have been discovered, it may be an inert neutrino, it may be a part of dark matter, pay attention! There are three possibilities here, so it is not certain at all. ]

[Dark matter cannot be discovered, and what can be observed is not dark matter! ]

[It is all conjecture. It can neither be confirmed nor disproven, you can only listen to it while eating and entertain yourself. But it is obviously more high-end, because no one can refute you, the reason is that it can neither be confirmed nor disproven. ]

[When did Chuan Shen become such an uncertain party, woo woo woo, my Chuan Shen. ]

[High-energy physics is like this. Before any new phenomenon or new particle is finally confirmed, it can only be said that it may exist, but the confidence level of 3sigma is indeed a bit low. ]

[It is worthy of being Chuan Shen! The news that makes a sensation in the world is this kind of news. ]

[A probability of more than 99.73% is still considered low. When I threw the dice to choose the multiple-choice questions in the college entrance examination, the probability of half was already very high! 】

【Laughing and crying, how can you compare like this? Your college entrance examination is not important to human science at all, and this top science must be completely certain. If it is wrong, it will affect your college entrance examination. 】

【So what is dark matter? 】

【I don’t know! You ask me, who should I ask? I guess Chuan Shen doesn’t know what dark matter is. 】

On the Internet, the relevant heat is rising very fast.

Of course, this is also related to Xu Chuan. Since he won the Nobel Prize, many people have been paying attention to him and want to know what he is studying.

In the case of its own heat, coupled with the fact that the term dark matter carries all kinds of things that can be discussed, the discussion on the Internet is quite heated.

However, this has no effect on Xu Chuan or CERN.

After the news report ended, it was followed by a report or speech held by Nanjing University inviting Nobel Prize winners in physics.

At this report, Xu Chuan gave a more detailed introduction to the discovery of inert neutrinos than the press conference, which will attract more physicists to devote their energy to this field.

He was not worried that others would discover or analyze and confirm the existence of inert neutrinos in advance, and he had enough confidence in this.

But at the same time, there are countless secrets hidden in the field of high-energy physics. Inert neutrinos are only a part of dark matter, and the research on dark matter requires more physicists to work together.

His strength alone is far from enough.

However, what Xu Chuan did not expect was that his press conference not only attracted the attention of the majority of netizens, but also attracted the attention of the above.

After the report meeting, a red phone call that surprised him came directly to his mobile phone.

Title of the book "Emperor Dragon"

Gravity, electromagnetic force, strong and weak interaction force - the four fundamental forces are the power I control, my eternal crown, and my immortal throne.

Ignorant and ignorant things call me a tyrant, but the wise regard me as king.

Some people are terrified of me, and some people worship me. They all submit to me.

The gods tremble under my wings, and the worlds are afraid of my roar.

The world respects me as the Emperor Dragon of the End, Emperor Dragon Saga - Saga Gatanjea Aatrox Diablo Nexus Targaryen Arceus!

————

This book is also known as "Controlling the Power of the Dragon" and "Chronicles of the Power of the Dragon Clan"