Chapter 260 Super Stealth Material

One New Year, Xu Chuan stayed at home until the Lantern Festival. Xu Xiao, the girl, had already started school, but he hadn't left yet.

He was originally planning to return to Jinling on the eighth day of the first lunar month, but the analysis of inert neutrinos entered a critical node after the New Year.

For him, as long as the computer was functional, there was not much difference between processing these data at home and in Jinling.

So he stayed at home and continued to complete the analysis.

With his understanding of inert neutrinos in his previous life, Xu Chuan could easily find what he needed from the data analyzed by Nanjing University.

This process is like panning for gold in a small river containing gold sand. Using the most primitive tools, the tiny gold particles hidden in the numerous gravels are washed out bit by bit, gathered together, and finally melted into gold bricks.

Of course, it is much more difficult to filter out useful data from a large amount of collision data than panning for gold in river sand, especially when looking for a new particle.

Although theoretical physics sometimes makes certain analysis and speculation on the characteristics of the target, in fact, no one knows what the characteristics and information of this target particle will be in the high-energy collision.

This is like the process of gold panning. The gold that was originally golden may now be black, or it may be earthy yellow, and it is more likely to be similar in shape to mud and sand.

In this case, it is as difficult to distinguish it accurately as to let people fly into the sky without wings.

Fortunately, he has enough inert neutrino information data in his mind, and he is quite familiar with every known form of it.

In the study, Xu Chuan held the mouse in his hand and controlled the Adobe Illustrator drawing software to pull up the last pixel on the Dalitz map.

Click, save, when a new picture is generated in the folder named "Inert Neutrino Dalitz Map", he sat up straight and breathed a sigh of relief.

This is a very common particle resonance Daritz diagram, which shows the mutual interference of the resonant state of the final state particles in the particle collider collected by the ATLCE detector, the angular distribution of the final state particles, and the matrix element structure of the physical process.

From the energy level data, it is not worth analyzing or noticing.

But on the key curve showing the resonant state, it has a corner of a concave point that is not very noticeable.

If you open all the other Daritz diagrams in this folder, you will be surprised to see that these concave points will be connected into a ︺-shaped arc.

This is exactly the information of the resonant state of the inert neutrino.

Of course, strictly speaking, the Daritz diagram cannot fully show the characteristics of the inert neutrino. After all, its original intention is to describe the density distribution of physical events.

In addition to the invariant mass, kinetic energy and other information that the Daritz diagram can show, there are some other information that cannot be described.

Of course, this is related to the LHC detector. The current technology used by the detector cannot observe dark matter at all, so it is naturally impossible to fully display all the information.

However, it is enough to convince the public or CERN that this is a brand new particle that has never been discovered or found in the physics world.

With the current amount of data, combined with his analysis and theory, the confidence level of the existence of inert neutrinos has reached more than 3sigma.

Sigma is a standard used by statistics to represent standard deviation, that is, the degree of dispersion of data, represented by σ in Greek letters.

If you have studied probability theory, you must be familiar with this thing.

In statistics, probability theory or other classes, a very common phrase is called the 3sigma principle, which means that the confidence level above 3sigma is already very high and can be considered basically correct.

3sigma is also called the "three times the standard deviation method", which is a statistical criterion used to measure the normal range of a specific sample combination of a specific test item.

The principle of the 3σ calculation formula is that if the standard deviation of a test result is S, then within the range of an±3S.

Therefore, if the standard deviation of a test is equal to 1, then 99.7% of the test results will be between mean±3.

If you don't understand these things, the simplest way is that you can understand that 3sigma means the probability of this happening is more than 99.73%.

Of course, in the field of physics, especially in the field of high-energy physics and particle physics, the confidence level must be at least 5sigma to determine whether a new particle exists.

5-sigma confidence level can be understood as 99.99994% of the observed results are true results, but there is a 0.00006% probability that this result is actually just an experimental error.

Just like the Higgs particle.

In fact, as early as before the official announcement in 2013, the Higgs particle had been observed many times, but the confidence level was lower than 5sigma.

And if the confidence level is lower than 5sigm, then this phenomenon is called "sign" in the high-energy physics community or academia, and cannot be determined as a "discovery".

Until 2013, the preliminary experimental results released by the Superconducting Toroidal Detector Experiment (hereinafter referred to as "ATLAS") and the Compact Particle Coil Experiment (hereinafter referred to as "CMS") of the Large Hadron Collider showed that at 125 to 126 GeV There is a new particle in the mass interval, and the confidence level reaches 5.1 sigma.

Only then was it fully confirmed that the Higgs particle had been discovered.

In particle physics, 5 sigma is considered the threshold for a discovery, which almost means there is more than 99.9999% certainty.

Only by achieving this can we confirm that this is a new type of particle and not an experimental error or interference.

For Xu Chuan, the things he made clearly did not meet the 5sigma confidence level.

But he is confident that with this data, CERN will include the observation of sterile neutrinos in its collision arrangements in subsequent collision experiments.

With more data, he can make more confident decisions and find sterile neutrinos from the hidden void!

With a smile, Xu Chuan checked all the Dariz diagrams and data drawn. After confirming that there were no problems, he said goodbye to his family and set off back to Jinling.

The Dalitz diagram and the required data have been created. All that is left is to compile these things into a report file and then communicate with CERN.

But before he could start working, a call came to his cell phone.

"Hello, hello." Xu Chuan answered the phone and asked.

"Hey, Professor Xu, I didn't disturb your research." A smiling voice came from the other end of the phone. Upon hearing this voice, Xu Chuan immediately knew who the other party was.

"No, no, Chief Qin, do you have anything to do with me?" Xu Chuan said quickly.

"That's it. Regarding the letter you wrote years ago, as well as the scientific and technological achievements of nuclear waste research, there are still some things that science and technology experts may not understand. I wonder if Professor Xu has time recently. I would like to arrange for someone to come over and have a chat with you.”

After a pause, Qin Anguo added: "Of course, if you don't have time, we can talk about it later."

Xu Chuan thought for a while and said, "How long will it take?"

Qin Anguo smiled and said: "It won't be very long, about two or three days. After all, we can't delay your research. Mainly, there are some things about radiation energy conversion that you don't understand that need you to explain."

Xu Chuan nodded and said, "Okay, when will the person you arranged come over?"

Hearing this, Qin Anguo said quickly: "If it's convenient for you, how about I arrange to come see you tomorrow?"

"Okay, then I'll wait at home." Xu Chuan responded.

"Excuse me, Professor Xu. I won't bother you any more."

After hanging up the phone, Xu Chuan looked at the phone with a black screen and smiled.

Unsurprisingly, some things in the letter he sent to the above attracted attention.

Think about it, how could you not be tempted by a technology that can absorb radiation energy?

Not to mention its economic value, the value brought by its application in certain aspects is enough to make people salivate.

Shaking his head, Xu Chuan began to compile report materials on 'sterile neutrinos'.

With all the materials already prepared, one day was enough for him to perfect these things.

After processing the report materials on sterile neutrinos, the next day, people arranged by the Science and Technology Center also arrived.

"Chief Qin, Academician Peng. Welcome."

In the courtyard, Xu Chuan smiled and greeted the personnel arranged by the Science and Technology Institute. What he did not expect was that Qin Anguo, the leader of the Science and Technology Institute, actually ran over in person.

"Hahahaha, Professor Xu, long time no see. What a wonderful New Year." Qin Anguo walked up quickly, enthusiastically held Xu Chuan's hand and greeted him with a smile.

Xu Chuan smiled and said: "It's pretty good."

Qin Anguo laughed, turned around and introduced to the people behind him: "This is Professor Xu."

"This is Academician Peng Hongxi, whom you have known for a long time; this is Academician Wang Yangang of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, who mainly studies the field of electromagnetics; this is Academician Jia Lin of the Academy of Engineering, who mainly studies materials science and optoelectronic technology; this is Academician of Aeronautics Academician Fan Pingbo of the institute."

Xu Chuan smiled and came up to say hello one by one: "Academician Peng, Academician Wang, Academician Jia"

During this exchange, Qin Anguo brought only four people, but all four of them could be said to be the top of the pyramid in their respective fields. The so-called skills are not too many.

After greeting a few people and exchanging pleasantries, Xu Chuan led the group into the villa.

In the villa, the group of people chatted for a while and then got down to business.

Qin Anguo cleared his mind, straightened his posture and asked, "I'm here to bother you this time because I have a technical and theoretical question about the use of radiation that I want to consult."

Xu Chuan nodded and said, "You say."

Qin Anguo said cautiously: "In the "Nuclear Energy Beta Radiation Energy Concentration Conversion Mechanism Project", Professor Xu developed a 'radiation gap' technology specifically for beta rays and gamma rays, which can absorb and utilize radiant energy, converting it into electrical energy."

"We want to know whether this technology can be applied to traditional electromagnetic waves, extremely short radio waves, infrared and other fields?"

"If so, what should we do?"

As soon as he finished speaking, several people in the living room turned their attention to him.

Regarding the technology of radiant energy absorption and conversion, that kind of 'radiation gap', several people here have the authority and have some information.

However, due to the fact that this technology is the latest cutting-edge technology, Xu Chuan is currently the only one who masters it. Even though everyone has read some of the information, they don't understand it in detail enough.

At least they couldn't figure out what to do in a short period of time to apply it in the needed direction.

If given enough time, we might be able to think of ways to study it.

But the authorities cannot wait that long. After all, this is related to the performance of the stealth fighter. The sooner it can be developed, the better.

Originally, the senior management planned to consult Xu Chuan as soon as possible after the New Year, but when they contacted Zheng Hai, they received feedback that he was doing his own research, so they waited patiently until he returned to Jinling. Just called to communicate.

Hearing Qin Anguo's question, Xu Chuan smiled and said: "We are all our own people, and it is safe enough here, so I just went ahead. They want to apply this technology to stealth coating materials, right?" "

Qin Anguo nodded, but it was the academician of the Aviation Research Institute named Fan Pingbo who answered.

"Yes, we need this new type of material very much. Years ago, you provided a radiation gap material. We tested it and found that its absorption and utilization rate of beta rays and gamma rays is quite high, reaching an astonishing level. More than 40 percent.”

"If it can be converted into the absorption of traditional electromagnetic waves, extremely short radio waves, infrared and other radiation, this will be a huge change in the stealth materials industry."

"As you know, stealth is the iconic feature of fifth-generation fighter jets and a key factor in determining whether a fighter jet can take the initiative in modern air combat."

"The higher the stealth capability, the better a fighter jet can evade detection and locking by enemy radars, thereby gaining the upper hand and advantage."

"Stealth paint can usually contribute about 10% to the stealth effect of stealth fighters. This is already a very important component for the meticulous stealth effect."

“If we can increase it from 10 percent to more than 40 percent, it will be a qualitative leap.”

"so."

Academician Fan Pingbo explained briefly, and Xu Chuan asked curiously: "Do traditional stealth materials account for such a low proportion of the stealth effect of stealth fighters? Only ten percent?"

He didn't know much about these things, after all, they were not in his own field, but he vaguely knew that the coating on the stealth fighter had a great influence on the stealth effect of the fighter.

When Fan Pingbo said it was only 10%, he was surprised. He originally thought that the stealth effect of fighter planes basically relied on the stealth coating.

Fan Pingbo smiled and explained: "Professor Xu, you may not know much about this aspect. Ten percent, this is an effect that can only be achieved by four generations or more."

"For example, the most famous B-2 in the United States, although it is a second-generation stealth aircraft, its stealth performance has exceeded that of traditional fifth-generation aircraft."

"According to our understanding, it uses a variety of composite stealth materials, but even so, the coating only accounts for about 15% of the overall stealth performance in the stealth effect."

After a pause, he continued: "Even so, the stealth coating used on B2 is still the most advanced in the world."

"In comparison, the current stealth coating materials in our country are indeed much inferior, so we urgently need a new type of stealth coating material to break the other party's restrictions."