Spoiler: The Sky Is Full of Stars

Let me talk about the Liangzhu civilization first. As early as several years ago, when I wrote the interpretation of the Classic of Mountains and Seas, I mentioned the cultural relics of the Liangzhu Culture. There are also many corresponding to the Classic of Mountains and Seas, which may be Emperor Jun.

At that time, the application for world heritage had not been successful, and it was not called civilization. But very early on, I paid attention to Liangzhu, and have been waiting for it to be dug out.

The same is true for Sanxingdui. I have been waiting for a long time for it to come out with text, which is a pity.

Some people play tricks, saying that the bronze sacred tree was dug according to the tomb robbery notes, I am drunk... Sanxingdui has been dug thirteen times, and the bronze sacred tree was unearthed in 1986.

The Jade Cong King of Liangzhu was also unearthed in 1986. Later, the dam and the ancient city were dug out. At first, the ancient city wall was thought to be a ditch, but it was filled with many stones. According to research, it was realized that it was the base of the city wall, and then I realized that it was a civilization.

Now Liangzhu has become a holy land of 5,000 years of civilization, I am very happy.

Wall, cong, and axe, these ritual vessels are definitely Chinese civilization, bird culture worship, sun worship, very corresponding to the kingdom of Emperor Junxi and Shaohao.

It doesn’t matter if it’s not, anyway, the later ‘Dongyi Tribe’, as well as the Shang Dynasty, did absorb a lot of Liangzhu’s bird culture and strong ‘worship of ghosts and gods’.

Liangzhu, the Chinese civilization, accounts for nearly half, or at least one-third.

But some people have to depreciate the other when they praise one, so I vomited when I saw it.

I know that some people are too superstitious about the theory of Liangzhu's northward conquest, saying that the Yellow River Basin is full of barbarians, but I really can't agree with it.

I saw a guy named Qingfeng on Zhihu who slandered the culture of the Yellow River Basin. His remarks mainly include the following points.

‘Liangzhu went north to conquer Dawenkou and became Longshan, established the Yu Dynasty, and those who continued the local culture were the lower-class population, and the upper-class aristocratic culture was completely replaced. '

‘The upper limit of Haidai Longshan is 2300 BC, followed by the lower limit of Liangzhu. They are so similar that there is every reason to believe that they are of the same origin. '

‘Yangshao culture is not like Huaxia, they still live in Goudong... Only after seeing the glory of Liangzhu did I know that this is my ancestor. '

These remarks can be called explosive.

This is tantamount to going from a north-centred theory to an extreme south-centred one.

Now the official has made it clear that the origin of civilization is a starry sky and the fusion of various cultures.

In ancient times, there were thousands of ethnic groups, and there were elements of Chinese civilization everywhere, so they were all shareholders. If the co-author of Liangzhu was defined as civilization, he became the sole shareholder, right?

The people of Liangzhu were able to go north to conquer, and their productivity was almost three thousand years ahead of the King of Qin's sweep of Liuhe.

The system of the Qin State is so powerful, but in the end it is still difficult to be compatible with the cultures of other places. Why is Liangzhu based? Just by worshiping ghosts and gods? Just relying on productivity to waste a lot of jade?

There were many Liangzhu cultures in the later Chinese civilization, which were the result of hundreds of thousands of years of cultural integration.

It is impossible for the upper-class population of Liangzhu to rule the lower-class population in the Yellow River Basin.

If it absorbs culture, it is considered to be conquered, so is modern China considered a "European civilization"?

Countless years later, we were excavated, and a large number of industrial products were found, and then the earliest industrial products were discovered in Europe. From the archaeological traces, Europe gave birth to an industrial civilization. At the same time, there was no industry in the east, or very little, so countless years later Archaeologists believe that around the twentieth century, European civilizations conquered the world.

This is the pain of no words unearthed in pastoral archaeology.

Whatever you say, you can write a thesis.

Now about the origin of civilization, the Central Plains-centered theory, and the Liangzhu-centered theory, I think it's ridiculous.

Central Plains center theory does not have enough prominent and dazzling cultural relics to compete with the archaeological achievements of Liangzhu to prove the Central Plains civilization of the same period. It can only talk about "genes" and say that Liangzhu is the ancient Yue people, not the main ethnic group of China.

I'm drunk, when the barbarians entered China, they were the ones in China. Since the Zhou Dynasty, we don't talk about blood. That is what the various civilizations in Europe like to talk about,

We only discuss cultural connotations.

The most important thing about Chinese civilization is cultural identity.

As for the Liangzhu-centred theory, it has recently risen, wishing that Liangzhu is everything and everything originated from Liangzhu.

The main remarks are: ‘Liangzhu is a civilization with developed civilization attributes and the strongest at the same time, so the Fuxi, Nuwa, and the Five Emperors of Yan and Huang that we are familiar with are all Liangzhu people. Even Dayu used the Qiantang River to control the water... Because the great flood destroyed the old land of Liangzhu, the ancestors of Liangzhu went north to occupy the Central Plains, drove away the Miaoman group, and established the later civilization'.

I'm a southerner myself, and I'm sick of seeing it. I can even tolerate Central Plains centralism, after all, it has existed since ancient times.

It is from the Shang and Zhou dynasties to the Qin and Han Dynasties that countless documents brainwash us openly and secretly. Civilization originated from the Yellow River Basin. So I can understand those who still hold the Central Plains centralism.

After all, it has been thousands of years, and the status of literature and history is there. Especially in the Central Plains, many people believe that civilization must have originated in Heluo.

According to Shiji, "the residences of the past three generations were all between Heluo". This is understandable.

The Liangzhu-centrism is completely different.

The official replaced the "central theory" with the starry sky, and gradually changed people's thinking about the origin of Heluo. However, a wave of people insisted on going from one extreme to another.

They excavated texts, and there are a large number of documents to prove that Dayu was from Liangzhu, and that the prehistoric flood actually refers to the Yangtze River Basin.

There are also people who use rigor, and then tell me that Liangzhu is the Yu Dynasty, and that the Liangzhu nobles ruled the northern tribes. Funny, which institute's conclusion?

A set of copywriting, a bunch of archaeology and a bunch of documents on the Internet, mixed with half-truths and half-false, took a lot of time to research, and the purpose was clear.

Especially the out-of-context of "Yu Gong", I saw more than one person uttering the sentence "The three rivers have entered the shock and the bottom is fixed". It is said that Dayu was responsible for water control in the Taihu Lake Basin of the Qiantang River.

It is a group output at all! Rumors with copywriting.

"Yu Gong": "It is not only the mouth of the Hukou, but also the governance of Liang and Qi." As for Taiyuan, as for Yueyang’. Taiyuan is located in the area of ​​Fen River in the west of Shanxi, and Yueyang is Huotai Mountain, in the east of Xihuo County in Shanxi, where Fen River passes. Why not mention it?

"Yu Gong" also said: "Nine rivers are the way, and Lei Xia is the lake." Ju Ju will be the same'. Could it be that Lei Xia is also Taihu Lake? This is clearly Heze, and Juju is a tributary of the Yellow River.

"Yu Gong" also said: "Since Yi and Yi are brief, Wei Zi has its own way." Someone intercepted this passage and said that Dayu was from Shandong?

"Yu Gong" also said: "Huaiyi is governed, Mengyu is skilled, the wild is both Zhu, and the east is flat." This is the north of Jiangsu and the southeast of Shanshan. Ohno is Junozawa.

"Yugong" also said: "Jianghan Dynasty is in the sea, Jiujiang Kongyin, Tuoqian established the way, and Yunmeng ruled." Yunmengze was cured again. Dayu was from Hubei?

"Yu Gong": "The Yiluojian stream enters the river, and Yingbo is the Zhu. Guide Heze, Peimengzhu'. Huanghe and Yiluo don't know each other, right?

"Yu Gong" also wrote: "Weak water is west, and Jing belongs to Weirui." Qi Ju has followed, and Fengshui has the same'. Qiju refers to Luoshui, and Jingwei refers to Jingshui and Weishui, both in Guanzhong.

To sum up, "Shangshu·Yu Gong" did write that Dayu governed the Qiantang River Basin, but Dayu also traveled all over the north and south, and the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers were all governed.

This is clearly far-fetched by the Qin and Han literati, wanting to write that he determined the entire Kyushu.

As a result, a group of people now say "Zhenze Diding" without mentioning the context, and say that Dayu is from Taihu Lake? Isn't this an ulterior motive?

Bullying ordinary people will not read "Shangshu", right?

When I questioned this point, I was deleted from the comments and banned, and then the person sent me an output, posted a lot of copywriting that had been posted countless times, and I still couldn't reply, which directly blew me up.

There is also one called "Time Grassland", saying that all clues point to Yu's rule of the Yangtze River, and there is no record of his rule of the Yellow River.

Almost killed me laughing. He himself used the historical records to prove it, but the historical records only wrote that Dayu ruled the Yellow River.

Sima Qian actually copied the Shangshu posted above, talking about harnessing the Yellow River.

I’ve never seen such an out-of-context article. If you want to talk about literature, a lot of it points to the Yellow River. Take a few words and say it’s Liangzhu. What’s the difference between this and Confucian scholars fabricating history?

Nowadays, no one in archaeology can determine where the Yu Dynasty is, whether it existed, and what it was like. They know it? To put it bluntly, aren't you just reasoning with a few words? Rushing for the answers they want?

I have read the copywriting of those people, and they are very rich, but they are only a few words, and many places are directly explained with "dialects", saying that Fuxi is an ancient Vietnamese name, which is actually "Wu Xi". I am stupid.

Don't bother Bara to find evidence in the literature that Dayu was from Zhejiang and Jiang, and that the Yu Dynasty was in Liangzhu.

This is outrageous. In the same way, countless people can find evidence that the Yu Dynasty was in the Central Plains, in the east of Shanxi, and in the west of Shanxi. In the final analysis, is it not for desperately relying on Liangzhu as the main body of civilization?

I can still find out the chain of documentary evidence that Dayu is an alien from the pile of old papers! Is Dayu an alien?

There are also those who took Kuaiji Mountain to give evidence, advocating that the four major events of Dayu's life, marriage, meritorious service, alliance, and burial were all in Kuaiji Mountain, Shaoxing. Homeland', killing him in anger or something...

I am really speechless.

Nowadays, the naming of Kuaiji Mountain is extremely arbitrary, and there is neither evidence nor circumstantial evidence for the appointment of the King of Yue. The king of Yue claimed that he was a descendant of Xia Yu, a concubine of Shaokang, who was enshrined in Kuaiji and worshiped Yu Yu.

The credibility is there, but not high. This is likely to be the result of historical re-memory produced by the need for ethnic identity during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods.

At that time, the atmosphere of the entire Spring and Autumn and Warring States period was like this. The vassal states that were relatively far away from the Central Plains fabricated all kinds of awesome ancestors for themselves to integrate into the Huaxia system.

When Sima Qian wrote this part of Shiji, he directly copied the statement of "Yue Jue Shu". Because it conforms to the Confucian theory of "Great China" and "Great Unification". So it could be true, but it could also be false.

Literature is not absolute. I also don't know if King Goujian of Yue is a descendant of Xia Yu. I can only say doubtful.

But the state of Qi is Sanke officially conferred by the Zhou Dynasty. It is certain that they are descendants of the Xia Dynasty. It was officially recognized by the Zhou Dynasty. So if the King of Yue wants to make it up, he can only make it up as a 'bastard'. This thing... he said yes.

Moreover, there are more than one statement in the literature. "Shangshu" clearly states that "Yu married Tushan".

Dayu's marriage and funeral should all be within the scope of activities of the Tu Shan family. The Tu Shan family is the power of his wife's family, which is more reasonable. Probably in the northern Jiangsu area of ​​the Huaihe River Basin, not the current Kuaiji Mountain.

Because of Dayu's "big accountant", noble virtue, and meritorious deeds, a certain mountain within the range of Tu Shan's family is called Kuaiji, which is in the Huaihe River Basin, within the territory of AH.

"Shan Hai Jing" also writes that Kuaiji Mountain is in the south of Dachun.

In some versions, some people changed the text to achieve political goals, changing "Great Chu Nan" to "Great Vietnam", and some people took it as a treasure. Completely ignored the "Shangshu", because the Shangshu was written in Tushan, they didn't need it.

I'm not saying that what is written in "Shangshu" is correct, but that some people's behavior is typical of "shooting the arrow first and then drawing the target".

I've done this kind of thing too much... so it's obvious at a glance.

If you look at the map of Yue, you will know that Kuaiji Mountain is always in the north of Yue, not the south. This is purely ignoring the geography and only changing one word.

Even Da Chu Nan was written by the people of the Warring States Period. In fact, the location of the ancient Kuaiji Mountain could not be confirmed, so Qin Shihuang went south to the newly established cross-border Kuaiji Mountain.

The first emperor didn't go there for Dayu, but to conquer the world. Someone told him that there was Kuaiji Mountain, which was the Mausoleum of Dayu, so Qin Shihuang paid homage to it.

To put it bluntly, today's Kuaiji Mountain is more likely to be decided by the Yue Kingdom for various purposes. The original address of Dayu's meeting and burial has not been known for a long time.

Unless the Mausoleum of Yu Dayu is dug out.

Liangzhu was indeed the most glorious civilization known on the land of China five thousand years ago. Longshan Culture, the earliest known "China", inherited many crafts and cultural elements from Liangzhu, but also underwent tremendous changes.

Longshan Culture, strictly speaking, should be called "Longshan Age", which is a major watershed in archaeology. It refers to a large number of Neolithic cultures in Haidai, Central Plains, and Guanzhong starting 4,900 years ago. change.

Since then, it has entered the era of city-states with many nations, and cities have begun to be built in various regions. Until the appearance of the super large ancient dynasty urban ruins such as "Taosi Culture" and "Shimao Culture".

There are differences in Longshan culture in different places, and they are not the same regime. All of them are rooted in the local area, have inherited the local characteristics, and have not lost the original cultural core of the local area.

On the contrary, the core of Liangzhu was changed by magic. For example, the most critical Liangzhu divine emblem, the "God-man-beast-mask pattern", became the "taotie pattern" in Longshan and the subsequent Xia, Shang and Zhou cultures, and was cast on a tripod.

A large number of cultures in the Yellow River Basin inherited the "beast face" part and abandoned the "god man" part.

On the contrary, the cultures of Shijiahe and Sanxingdui in the Yangtze River Basin focused on inheriting the worship of "God and Man".

It can be seen that they absorbed part of Liangzhu culture, rather than being replaced.

Huaxia was originally an inclusive civilization that continued to grow and absorb the essence of external cultures.

For example, our original "dragon" did not have the function of cloud and rain. In Shan Hai Jing, only the "Fengbo Yushi" can control the wind and rain.

"The Book of Songs Xiaoya" writes that "the moon is at the end of the day, and it will be torrential". "Shangshu Hong Fan" writes that "the stars have good wind, and the stars have good rain", the wind is good "Bin Xing", and the rain is "Bi Xing".

"Zhou Li" "Sacrifices to Sizhong, Siming, Wind Master, and Rain Master with Liao". Zheng Xuan's note: 'Rain Master, Bi Ye'.

All the 'gods' in ancient times corresponded to one or more stars in the sky. I also said in the last article that "the one who returns to heaven is a god". Only after the death of an important person can he return to heaven and worship God. It is to become a star for God and accompany God.

Since ancient times, the dragon has been the astrology of the Canglong, a typical astrology worship, and its function is to be stepped on by the gods. Note that you can step on it, not ride it. There are a lot of "riding two dragons" and "practicing two dragons" in Shan Hai Jing.

There is no pre-Qin classic that says that dragons are in the water.

Dragons have been in the sky since ancient times. If there is a flood, look for Hebo, if there is a drought, hit the Hanba...the Dragon King is not asked.

Why did the dragon come to manage the rain later? That's the fault of Buddhist scripture translators who translated naga into dragons...

But even so, the officials of the Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties did not recognize it. It was only in the Tang Dynasty that the folks began to spread the dragon's cloud and rain. It was not until the Song Dynasty that the officials followed the people's will and formally established the Dragon King Temple...

In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Yanwei wrote the "Yunlu Manchao" and said this: "The god of water worshiped in ancient times was called Hebo, and it was written by Shishi. There is a dragon king in China, but Hebo is unknown."

The name of this book may not look like an authoritative book. In fact, the whole book contains a lot of knowledge points, such as astronomy, geography, name and object system, dialects and proverbs, and poems. It is similar to ancient encyclopedias. There is this book on the Zhonghua Canon website, you can check it out.

In short, our dragon has absorbed a lot of external settings, and it has become what it is now through generations.

The same is true for Phoenix, there is no setting for Phoenix to be reborn from the ashes at all, and there is no such thing as a fire phoenix.

The phoenix is ​​the divine bird, the king of all birds, governing all birds, conveying God's will, and implying beauty and peace.

The description in Shan Hai Jing is very clear: 'There is a bird named Yan Huang, whose shape is like a chicken, with five colors and prose, and its name is Feng Huang. ’ ‘The first text is called virtue, the wing text is called obedience, the back text is called righteousness, the belly text is called faith, and the internal text is called benevolence. ’ ‘In the fertile field, the eggs of the phoenix are food, and the nectar is drink. '

‘It’s a bird, it eats and drinks by itself, sings and dances by itself, and when it sees it, the world will be peaceful. '

His ability is peace in the world, it is auspicious, and its appearance represents beauty.

Why did you become a phoenix? The pot of translation, translated the Western Phoenix into Phoenix...

The same is true of God. Emperor is the supreme will of Chinese civilization, an absolutely simple and orthodox belief, representing the celestial phenomena, the immovable star in the North Pole.

The later Haotian God, Donghuang Taiyi, all refer to it.

"The Book of Songs": "The emperor is the God, and there is a hero next to him", "The God who is swaying, is the emperor of the people." The God of Jiwei has many orders, and the God of Haotian, I will not leave it behind. Hu is not afraid of each other, the ancestor is destroyed'.

But now when I talk about God, I think of the Bible, and it's still a fault of translation...

But whether it is dragon, phoenix, or God, they are still our culture, and we never feel that they are Naga, Phoenix, and Jehovah.

This is absorbing culture to be inclusive rather than conquered.

The Liangzhu civilization is now generally believed in the academic circles that it died out mysteriously 4,300 years ago.

There are three possible reasons. First, the transgression caused the Liangzhu people to lose their homes and were forced to migrate, scattered and integrated into other cultures.

Second, it was invaded by foreign enemies and perished, and the culture was absorbed by the enemy.

Third, self-death, because too much emphasis on religious theocracy, a lot of productivity is used to make jade, wasting too many social resources. But because of long-term communication and fusion, other cultures absorbed its craft.

They are all possible, and the first possibility is the most likely, which led to the "Liangzhu Northward Conquest Theory".

But I think the conquest is too ridiculous, and it is more likely that some tribes joined the north with technology.

This must start with archaeological discoveries.

...

First of all, let me introduce the ancient Chinese land and several major cultural circles in the Neolithic Age.

Yanliao District, Haidai District, Zhongyuan District, Ganqing District, Bashu District, Lianghu District, Jiangsu and Zhejiang Districts.

Of course, there are also many Neolithic cultures in Guangdong, Guangxi and places further north, but they are less compatible, so let’s not talk about it.

In the Yanliao area, the Xiaonanshan, Xinglongwa, and Hongshan cultures are more famous.

Xiaonanshan has unearthed a large number of jade articles since 9,000 years ago: dagger-shaped jade pendants, 駿-shaped jade pendants, jade tubes, jade beads, columnar jade rings, jade bi, jade rings, jade adzes and jade axes, etc., which are the earliest found in China. Systematic use of jade sites.

From 8200 to 7200 years ago, Xinglongwa's jade wares include columnar jade rings, jade axes, jade adzes and dagger-shaped jade pendants. There are also the earliest polished real jade wares in my country eight thousand years ago. A pair of large jade rings were unearthed, which are exquisitely crafted and about 6 cm in diameter. They are the most magnificent masterpieces of Xinglongwa Culture Jue ornaments discovered so far, and they are called "Jade Kings".

Finally, there is the famous Hongshan culture.

Of course, there are many other cultures in the Liaohe River Basin, not only the Hongshan culture, but the academic circles usually regard Hongshan as the cultural representative of the Liaohe River Basin.

About 6,000 to 5,000 years ago, it is famous for its extremely exquisite jade articles. It is widely distributed, dominating the north of Yanshan Mountain, and nearly a thousand ruins have been discovered.

The main types of utensils are animal images, such as jade dragon, jade phoenix, jade pig, jade turtle, jade bird, jade cicada, jade fish, jade man, etc. Among them, the C-shaped jasper carved dragon is the earliest and best-preserved dragon image found in my country so far. , Known as "the first dragon in China".

In fact, there are earlier dragons, but those made of stones are also in the Liaohe River Basin.

The Niulianghe site in Hongshan has a large-scale group of altars, temples, and tombs, including five tombs and an altar, forming a complete sacrificial system.

One mound is 130 meters long and 45 meters wide from north to south, covering a total area of ​​5850 square meters. Among them, tomb No. 1 has the highest standard, with stone walls built around it and stone steps built on all sides inside, which proves that the concept of hierarchy has been formed at that time.

A goddess temple covering an area of ​​7*18 meters was also discovered, and the unearthed pottery goddess statue was called the earliest Nuwa.

I don’t know if it’s Nuwa, but the appearance of high-level altars, a large number of exquisite jade articles, and goddess temples shows that Hongshan culture is a matrilineal society and worships goddesses.

Coupled with the large number of exquisite jade articles, the productivity and cultural level of Hongshan culture have been extremely developed at the same time.

...

The Haidai area refers to Shan Dong, as well as northern Jiangsu and northern Hui.

The Houli Culture - Beixin Culture - Dawenkou Culture - Haidai Longshan Culture have continued in one continuous line without interruption.

Here we only talk about the most famous Dawenkou culture, which was 6200~4600 years ago.

It is famous for its eggshell black pottery, which is very delicate, as thin as an eggshell, light and crisp.

How to do it, the materials used, etc., I probably know, but modern ceramic technology cannot be reproduced.

In this culture, the early writing "Ding Gongtao Wen" also appeared, which was written from right to left and top to bottom, but it could not be deciphered.

Liangzhu also used black pottery, but it was not as exquisite as eggshell black pottery. Only a very small amount of eggshell black pottery was excavated in Liangzhu, which was imported from the Dawenkou culture...

...

The Central Plains region and the Gansu and Qinghai regions can be put together. Because they are all part of Yangshao culture.

There are many ruins influenced by Yangshao Culture, including Shanxi, Henan, Shanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Hubei, Hebei and southern NMG...

Therefore, the academic circles call the period of 7,000 to 5,000 years ago the Yangshao Era.

It has three typical cultures and four atypical cultures.

The three major models represent the early, middle and late phases of Yangshao culture, and the regions are also different. They can be regarded as three generations of 'dynasties'.

Shanxi, Banpo culture was between 6900 and 5800 years ago.

Henan, Miaodigou culture was between 5900 and 5600 years ago. This type has the widest distribution range, from Taidai in the east, Huangshui in the west, Hetao in the north, and Huaihan in the south. A very magnificent art tide in prehistoric China. The painted pottery of the Miaodigou culture spread to all directions, and had a strong influence on the two lakes in the south where cultural differences are obvious. This influence has been across the Yangtze River, as far as the south of Dongting Lake. It goes north beyond the Great Wall, and its influence reaches the Hetao to Liaohai area. Known as 'Miaodigou'.

Shanxi, Xiwangcun culture is between 5600 and 4900 years ago.

Among the four types of atypical Yangshao culture, the first phase of Hougang ended 5,500 years ago, and the Dahecun culture ended 4,900 years ago. 4,700 years ago, the Da Sikong culture and the Xiawanggang culture also disappeared, and it was only then that the Yangshao culture completely disappeared, which lasted for more than 2,000 years.

These two thousand years are also called the "Yangshao Warm Period". At that time, everyone's survival pressure was not great, so no more complex social structure was born.

In the Gansu-Qingdao area, there is also the Majiayao Culture, which is a branch of the Yangshao Culture that developed westward. It has emerged independently and become a brand-new culture. 5,700 years ago, it unearthed the earliest bronze knife in my country.

In the later Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, there were indeed few elements of Yangshao culture, but that was because Yangshao culture was mainly reflected in painted pottery, and of course it would not be inherited with the innovation of productivity.

However, its cultural core and beliefs are still inherited.

Such as Beidou worship, celestial phenomenon worship. The Shuanghuaishu site, the so-called "Heluo ancient country", is certainly not an ancient country, but the worship of the Big Dipper is undoubtedly the core of Chinese mythology.

In this way, I may not know how important the belief in the Big Dipper is, which is the core of the belief in God. The Big Dipper revolves around the Polaris, and the handle of the dipper always points to the emperor star. The Big Dipper is the mount of the Emperor of Heaven, more noble than the dragon.

In celestial phenomena, the North Star is the eye of God, Gouchen is the horn of God, Canglong Xingxiu is stepped on, and the Big Dipper is between Gouchen and Canglongsu.

The ancient ancestors imagined that God rode a Beidou to survey the sky, and the Polaris in the middle kept his eyes on the earth and monitored the world.

The altar unearthed in the ancient country of Heluo is buried with the Big Dipper and the Nine Stars, which are the seven stars plus Zuofu Youbi. This is worshiping God.

On Shang and Zhou bronze wares, there are a large number of Gouyu Xuanji symbols of "four small tadpoles around one point" on it, which is "Big Dipper".

And this kind of symbol is everywhere in the Yangshao painted pottery in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, as well as in the Dawenkou culture in the lower reaches, and there is also "Yu Xuanji", which is the most typical Beidou symbol, completely inherited by Shang and Zhou bronzes.

Liangzhu-centered people always say that there are Taotie patterns on Shang and Zhou bronze wares, and they are descendants of Liangzhu. But they never said that Shang and Zhou bronzes also inherited a large number of elements of other cultures.

There are also some ordinary people who are ignorant, saying that there are pigs painted on Yangshao painted pottery, and it is definitely not China that worships pigs.

This is so wrong, this is not pig worship, this is a celestial symbol...

"The Book of Rites of the Great Dai": "The time of the four masters, the master of the time is the hog, so the hog is born in April."

"Shuowen": "The Dolphin Temple is in command."

"Custom Romance" also said that the priests ordered that "all temples should be pigs".

The "Chunqiu Shuo Inscription" in the Western Han Dynasty: "Dou Xing, Shi Sanjing is a pig, born in April, according to the law of heaven."

This is still the Beidou belief... The earliest Beidou God is a pig head...

The Hongshan culture also has this feature. They not only have a C-shaped dragon, but also a jade pig dragon. Many people don't understand why scholars say that the one with the pig's head is also a dragon.

But the fact is that what the jade expresses is the combination of the Big Dipper astrology and the Canglong astrology.

Beside the Big Dipper and Nine Stars in the ancient Heluo country, a pig and a deer were sacrificed and buried. This is not poverty, but a sacrificial method.

Personally, I even suspect that this is the source of the name "Zhuolu"...

And why did the ancients use pigs to represent Beidou? "Xiaoya·The Stone of Gradually": "There are hogs and white scorpions, and they are wading through the waves. The moon leaves at the end, and it is torrential."

It means that whenever the moon passes through the last night, it will rain in the sky, and the pig's white hooves will dig out marks on the ground.

Therefore, the ancients believed that pigs 'know the time'.

The same reason is also the reason for the birth of the bird culture along the eastern coast. Migratory birds come and go regularly every year, which is also considered to be the time to know the sky, "God told them that it is time to go to the north and it is time to go to the south."

This habit of running according to the time of the day made the ancients think that the bird is the messenger of God and can communicate with the sky.

For the same reason, there are also migratory fish schools...

Of course, there are also scholars who interpret Liangzhu’s god-man-beast-mask emblem as a picture of God riding a pig to survey the sky... This is a bit of an appendix, taking our civilization’s belief in God, and desperately trying to force it on that "god-man-beast emblem" set.

But if it is true, it means that Liangzhu also has Beidou belief and God belief.

It is very likely that more than 5,000 years ago, there were already widespread belief systems in the land of China such as 'Heaven', 'Emperor', 'Big Dipper', 'Canglong Astrology', and 'Great Mars Worship'.

But I think it's still too far-fetched.

Liangzhu did not have Beidou beliefs, they paid more attention to the sun... Except for the forced interpretation of the god-man-beast-face pattern as God riding a pig, there are no other cultural relics to support Beidou beliefs.

In the Yellow River Basin and Liaohe River Basin, it is generally believed that the sky at night is the stars and the belief of the "Emperor". Liangzhu focuses on the imagery of the negative sun, and has a stronger atmosphere of weird witches and gods.

Some people also interpret the facial pattern of gods, men and animals as "emperor", which I think is more reasonable.

So Liangzhu should be one of the ancient "Three Emperors", but not any of the "Five Emperors".

There are also people who are ignorant and insist on saying that Yangshao lives in Goudong, and I am also drunk. That is called a "semi-crypt house", which is determined by the regional climate.

The area where the Yangshao Culture is distributed is mainly in the Loess Plateau, where people still live in cave dwellings.

There are stilt houses in Liangzhu. It is because the ground is damp and there are many insects and ants. They will naturally develop and be popularized easily. This is not superior to others.

The Indians don't have cars, not because they don't understand, but because they don't have large livestock to pull carts, so the invention cannot be popularized.

Finally, some people think that there is no jade in Yangshao, which has nothing to do with Huaxia.

This is talking nonsense.

The Yangshao culture just doesn't pay much attention to jade, it's not that there are no jade...

About 224 pieces of jade were unearthed from about 18 sites.

About 7,100 to 6,800 years ago, a polished serpentine trapezoidal pendant was found at the Beishouling site in Shanxi, which is the earliest jade article unearthed from the Banpo type. About 6,800 to 6,500 years ago, 7 jade objects, most of which were cone-shaped objects, were discovered at the Beishouling, Longgang Temple and Hejiawan sites. About 6,500 to 6,200 years ago, a large number of jade production tools began to appear at the Longgang Temple and Hejiawan sites: jade axes, jade shovels, jade adzes, and jade arrowheads. About 6,200 to 5,900 years ago, 26 pieces of jade were unearthed from the Longgang Temple, Hejiawan and Jiangzhai sites, and the earliest jadeite production tools in China were discovered at the Hejiawan site: tremolite straight blades polished all over the body. Jade axe, jasper tongue-shaped jade ax with round rolling blade, tremolite single-sided straight-edged jade adze. Thirteen pieces were discovered at the Longgang Temple site. Six pieces of jade were found at the Jiangzhai site, two of which were green jade pendants for women.

A total of 15 jade wares were unearthed at the Beishouling site dating back 6,000 years, and one jade wares with a blue plane and slightly triangular shape was unearthed. Seven pieces of jade were unearthed from the Miaodigou site. Jade adzes and jade shovels were unearthed from the Beiniu site, and jade armlets were unearthed from the Xiaozhao site in Yuanqu.

17 jade artifacts were unearthed at the Lingbao Xipo Site 5,300 years ago: 16 jade axes and 1 jade ring.

The jade axe is a typical jade ritual vessel. It is pure nonsense to say that there are no jade ritual vessels in the Central Plains.

It is true that there are few jade wares in the Yangshao culture, but this is compared with Liangzhu culture, which has too many jade wares. There are many reasons for this.

The main reason is that the sources of jade materials are scarce.

Their jade axes only consist of serpentine jade, and there are basically no tremolite and other jades. Because the local jade resources in Zhongyuan were scarce 5,300 years ago, even serpentine jade was very rare.

The Yangshao culture found neither large-scale temples and altars, nor a large number of finely carved jade ritual vessels, so the material life and spiritual life are relatively simple and simple.

To sum up, including the Taishan Dawenkou culture I mentioned earlier, there are also unearthed jade wares. The reason why there are few is that it seems to be rare compared with Liangzhu and Hongshan cultures that are crazy about making jade wares.

Some scholars believe that both Hongshan culture in the north and Liangzhu culture in the south, represented by large-scale jade ritual vessels, were theocratic models at the origin of civilization. Because of extravagance and waste, the culture was interrupted and there was no direct successor.

The Miaodigou type of the Yangshao culture on the west slope of Lingbao belongs to the royal power model of the origin of civilization. Because it advocates frugality and does not waste resources, it can give birth to a royal power state.

All these things, although the Yangshao culture is 'backward' and has not entered the 'civilization', it cannot be said that it is not one of the origins of China.

It is definitely, from Yangshao to Longshan period, there is a very obvious transitional site in the middle, that is the 'Miaodigou Phase II', 2900 years ago.

It perfectly connects Yangshao and Longshan.

It and the Dawenkou culture have evolved into the three major cultures of Longshan, 'Shaanxi Longshan', 'Central Plains Longshan', and 'Haidai Longshan'.

This is how the Chinese civilization has continuously absorbed and grown.

Scientific research shows that a major climate change occurred around 5300-5000 years ago. During these three hundred years, many cultures of the late Neolithic period in China disappeared.

Around 5300, the Daxi Culture in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River in the south and the Lingjiatan Culture in the AH Huaihe River Basin disappeared, and at the same time the Liangzhu Culture emerged, and Liangzhu jades were obviously strongly influenced by the Lingjiatan Culture.

Around 5,000 years ago, the Hongshan Culture in the Liaohe River Basin in the north died out.

4900 years ago, the typical Yangshao culture in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River also disappeared.

Among the ancient cultures of the same period, only the Dawenkou culture located in the Shandong Peninsula and around Mount Tai has been passed down, and it was not completely extinct until 4300 years ago.

To what extent the drastic climate change was so severe is unknown today. But it certainly gave birth to civilization.

The Liangzhu culture appeared 5,300 years ago and began to build water conservancy projects. After that, 4900 years ago, the fortification was completed.

There is no doubt that Liangzhu is the pioneer of civilization, born in response to the catastrophe.

Its successful model has been learned and integrated by many cultures, and then opened the Longshan era.

But Longshan is not 'one' culture.

Although Yangshao and Dawenkou have been eliminated and perish, it refers to the "disappearance of the old culture", which does not mean that the original tribe has perished... They have entered a new era, but the original cultural structure is no longer applicable. , the cultural core is still there.

Finally, there is another point, that is, the core area of ​​Yangshao has not actually been excavated.

The Nanzuo ruins on the Loess Plateau date from 5200 to 4600 years ago. The excavation started only last year, and 6 million square meters were found in the ring trench, which was larger than the Sumerian city of Uruk at the same time, and similar to the Liangzhu site.

From this, I know that Yangshao, which has been dug for so many years, is mostly in the periphery...

In the treasure land in the Northwest, archaeological progress has not been much. It is not that there is nothing to dig, but that there is no money and no one.

In recent years, the archaeological achievements in the Yangtze River Basin have been remarkable. Liangzhu, Shijiahe, and Sanxingdui seem to have produced countless achievements suddenly. Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions.

This is caused by the disparity in treatment...

Chinese civilization has multiple origins, and too many places have not been paid attention to. I think there must be surprises in the Loess Plateau.

In addition, there are Taosi and Shimao, which have not been dug much yet...

In order to trace the origin of civilization, leaders in archaeology chose Liangzhu among Taosi, Shimao and Liangzhu. Said, 'We put the treasure on Liangzhu at that time'.

Of course, the result is also very good, demonstrating the five thousand years of Chinese civilization.

But it does not mean that the archeology is over. After the excavation of Shimao, there may be subversive discoveries.

The climate at the Shimao ruins, as well as the carrier of the stone city, are very likely to have words left behind. If there is, it is a ground-breaking discovery.

Of course, regardless of whether there are surprises or not, the Central Plains centralism can be overturned,

Because neither Nanzuo, Shimao nor Taosi are in He Nan. Nanzuo is in Gansu, Shimao is in northern Shaanxi, and Taosi is in Shanxi. In addition, Liangzhu in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and Shijiahe in Hubei and North.

At the same time, the Central Plains was jokingly called a "cultural depression" by academic circles.

Indistinctly, an ancient civilization circle around the river and south is about to emerge...

This is the pattern of stars all over the sky, gathering in the Central Plains to form Huaxia.

Not a civilization in a certain place, as the only origin. Rather, multiple origins, seeking common ground while reserving differences, finally merged in the Central Plains...

...