Chapter 1831 Peruvian Chinese

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Not only the navy, but air power is also something that Chileans are proud of, especially compared to their two neighbors to the north and south. In front of the Chileans, the sky protection networks of Peru and Argentina are in vain.

A simple list of data can show the gap. Currently, the main force of the Chilean Air Force is 46 F16 fighter jets. Although 36 of them are second-hand F-16AB fighter jets from the Netherlands, they are also F16!

There are also 11 F-5EF fighter jets and an EB-707 early warning aircraft modified by Israel.

With the largest fleet of F-16 aircraft in South America, it can be called the king of the skies in South America. Who wouldn’t agree? Come and do it if you don’t agree!

In the past, Chile relied on the tonnage of warships to dominate the Pacific coast of South America. Now it is not weak. Even looking at the entire South America, the strength of the Chilean Navy is one of the best. They have 4 frigates retired from the Dutch Navy, namely Him Sko-class frigates and Karel Dorman-class frigates.

Among them, the Himsko-class frigate is a former large-scale air defense frigate of the Dutch Navy, with a full load displacement of 3,750 tons. It has an MK-13 single-arm missile launcher, which can launch standard-1MR air defense missiles and has 40 bombs. This is currently the case in South America. Although it is hard to imagine that it is the only surface combat ship in the region with regional air defense capabilities, it is true. Monitoring by other countries does not have regional air defense capabilities.

In addition, the Chilean Navy also has two Leander-class frigates, three Type 23 frigates and one Type 22 frigate, all of which are retired British Navy ships, which are enough to bully other countries' broken ships in the South Pacific.

Not only surface ships, the Chilean Navy also has underwater strike capabilities-submarines. They have 2 Scorpene-class submarines and 2 209-class submarines.

Not to mention anything else, one submarine is enough to destroy all the maritime forces of a small South American country, and Chile has 4 of them.

Although compared with its neighbor the Brazilian Navy, it does not have a large surface killer weapon like the former Sao Paulo aircraft carrier, but the overall strength of the Chilean Navy in other destroyers and frigates far exceeds that of the Brazilian Navy.

Of course, this was a glory many years ago. As time goes by, the second-hand fighter jets and surface combat ships owned by the Chilean Navy and Air Force have become relatively old. After all, they are all products of the 1970s and 1980s.

Next door, Brazil is preparing to purchase the Atlantic amphibious assault ship from the United Kingdom. With Chile's aggressive weapons procurement character, it will inevitably respond. Although the sea areas of the two countries are not close to each other, this does not mean that they cannot meet without getting closer.

Unfortunately, due to the drop in copper prices,

Chile's economic level has plummeted. Although it is sitting on a copper mine with huge reserves, a simple update of weapons and equipment is not a big problem, but it is really stressful to deal with the arms race of its neighbors.

Judging from the current equipment system of the Chilean Navy and Air Force, if Chile purchases weapons, it will inevitably focus on European weapons, especially weapons and equipment from the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. After all, not only are they easy to use, soldiers are already used to them, but they are also maintained later. Maintenance is also a system, which does not require too much training and can be seamlessly connected.

Therefore, once Chile's modernized naval and air force weapons and equipment procurement plan is put on the schedule, it will definitely become a big cake for many European arms groups. If Yang Cheng wants to intervene in his own name, at least there will be a time lag.

Yang Cheng felt that it was necessary to go to Chile, and since he went to Chile, Peru must stop by.

After all, as a neighbor of Chile, its military strength must not be too weak, otherwise it will be swallowed up sooner or later.

Many people think that Venezuela should be ranked above Peru in the military strength rankings of South American countries. This is completely wrong. In fact, no matter which country is on the list, Peru has steadily surpassed Venezuela.

The most powerful thing about Peru is that it has 8 submarines. Although it cannot compare with Venezuela in terms of the number of tanks, Peruvian tanks are more advanced. In addition to Venezuela’s numerical advantage, its old main battle tanks are also part of its military. Fang's big worry.

The most important thing is that Peru's economic strength is very stable. They have enough ability to upgrade weapons. Although the scale cannot be large, it is better than guarding a pile of scrap metal, right?

Of course, the overall strength is still weaker than that of Chile. After all, a large proportion of the Peruvian population is Chinese, and many people have Chinese ancestry. The Chinese have not been aggressive since ancient times. As long as there is a place where they can live peacefully, I guess all I want in my mind is to make money and live a small life, and I want to avoid fighting if I can.

Naturally, many Peruvians were also deeply affected.

Okay, this is mostly a theoretical joke, but the Chinese in Peru are indeed a part that has to be mentioned.

Peru is a country with a population of 32 million. It is definitely a big country in South America. Similarly, the number of Chinese in Peru ranks first in South America.

The number of Chinese in Peru accounts for 1% of the total population, which is 320,000. If mixed people with Chinese ancestry are included, the total number of Chinese in Peru will be no less than 1.10, or about 3 million people.

This is definitely a 'terrible' ratio.

If you check the household registration of Peruvian Chinese in detail, you will find that most of them are high-quality mixed-race children, that is, they are very beautiful and retain the appearance and style of the Chinese.

The vast majority of Peruvian Chinese live in cities, with the largest number of Chinese in the capital, Lima. Many Chinese families that have thrived for many generations can even join the upper class. However, it is difficult to see them in the economically underdeveloped central and eastern mountainous areas. Chinese face.

All of this started more than two hundred years ago, which was also an important period of large-scale Chinese immigration to Peru. At that time, after experiencing the war, the Manchu Qing government was completely stepped on by the world. The people were already in dire straits, and the country and the A series of unequal treaties signed by Western powers left the people unable to breathe under heavy taxes.

Coupled with the 13-year Taiping Rebellion, which caused immeasurable casualties and property losses to the southern provinces, it is not an exaggeration to describe the Chinese continent of that era as hell.

The people of country Z who are facing survival difficulties have to find a new way out. This is human nature and understandable.

Some people choose to go to Nanyang nearby. After all, it is also a world of yellow skin and black hair. It is so close. Those people may want to avoid disaster and return to their hometown later.

However, more people choose to cross the ocean and seek survival on another continent.

At the same time, the abolition of black slavery introduced worldwide has left some Western countries in urgent need of cheap labor that can replace black slaves.

It was against this background that some Western businessmen opened trading houses in coastal treaty ports such as Macau and Xiangjiang, specifically to export cheap Chinese coolie labor to Western countries.

At that time, the four South American countries with plantation economies—Brazil, Peru, Argentina, and Venezuela—were the main importers of Chinese workers.

Among them, the history and number of Chinese immigrants in Peru may be the longest and largest. During the coolie trade period between the Qing Dynasty and Peru, approximately 120,000 GD and FJ indentured Chinese workers were imported into Peru to engage in coolie labor.

The reason why Peru was chosen was because it was close, of course compared to the other four countries. Even so, the straight-line distance between Peru and Country Z was more than 17,000 kilometers. In the 19th century when transportation was underdeveloped, this was the same as 108,000 kilometers. There is no difference even after thousands of miles. As the first stop for the Chinese to arrive on the South American continent, naturally more Chinese workers were left behind.

It was also related to the needs of Peru at that time. At that time, Peru had just declared independence from Spanish colonial rule. In order to speed up economic development, Peru needed a large number of laborers. However, at that time, Peru, with a land area of ​​only 1 million square kilometers, had a population of less than 2 million. Therefore, the Peruvian Congress passed an immigration bill. The main purpose of the bill is to attract immigrants to Peru to develop agriculture. In layman's terms, they come to Peru to "dig guano."

Peru has complex terrain and a long coastline. From east to west, the country has tropical rainforest, tropical desert, and plateau climate.

The warm coastal areas are rich in fisheries. Wherever there are fish, there are naturally seabirds. Therefore, the number of seabirds is also quite large. The numerous small islands along the coast of Peru have become the toilets of seabirds. It is free and pure. It's natural and can be used casually.

It happens that there is very little precipitation in the coastal areas of Peru. Over time, a large amount of guano accumulates on the island. During the plantation period when there were no chemical fertilizers, guano was an ideal natural fertilizer. Peru's abundant guano became a sought-after product. H".

So digging up bird poop is definitely no joke.

There were no advanced machines at that time, and digging guano was all done by hand. The population was originally small, and the number of black slaves was insufficient due to the law that abolished black slavery. After independence, the Indians in Peru also began to implement a small-scale peasant economy, and the number of indigenous laborers dropped sharply. , and the political situation in Peru has been very turbulent, and European immigrants have been deterred.

Therefore, the labor force in Peru was extremely scarce at that time, and it became a difficult problem to find someone to "dig out guano". Finally, Peruvian manor owners, guests and businessmen found a way to solve the problem once and for all - buying labor force from the Qing Dynasty.

The sea conditions in that era were bad, the ships were small and broken, and human lives were worthless. On the sea route to Peru, 10% or even 20% of the Chinese people lost their lives without even taking a breath of the air of the South American continent. Many more It's as tragic as it is tragic.

But there is no other way. For a better survival, this risk is worth taking.

However, almost all the Chinese workers who arrived in Peru in the earliest period were deceived into Peru. Most of them were illiterate farmers or small businessmen. They didn’t even know where Peru was, they just heard about it. There's a lot of money to be made there.

With the dream of returning to their hometown in glory, the workers signed a contract with their Peruvian boss. The contract stipulated that the workers must work for the boss for 8 years.

However, Peruvian bosses always forced Chinese workers to re-sign when their contracts were about to expire, intending to turn the Chinese workers into lifelong slaves. This was also a common situation in that era. It was cruel and unfair, but there was nothing that could be done about it.

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