Chapter 83 Two Thoughts on Shan Hai Jing

The vegetarian monk asked me to interpret Kun, and I just want to say that there is no Kun in the Classic of Mountains and Seas...

However, some people have verified that Zhuangzi's description of Kunpeng was derived from Yuqiang, the god of the north in the Classic of Mountains and Seas.

Most people may not be familiar with this name, but he is also called Xuanming.

"Huainanzi·Tianwenxun": "The north is water, its emperor is Zhuanxu, its assistant is Xuanming, holding power and ruling winter."

This refers to Yuqiang, who assisted Zhuanxu, equivalent to Yinglong to Huangdi.

Because Zhuangzi wrote: Yuqiang in the north, black body and hands and feet, riding two dragons.

The ancient Chinese character "black" is similar to the word "fish", and some people think that it may be a copying error. In fact, Zhuangzi wanted to say fish body and hands and feet, riding two dragons.

And Yuqiang in the Classic of Mountains and Seas has a human face and a bird body, and is the god of the north sea.

So some people analyzed that Yuqiang has two forms of bird body and fish body, and is also the god of the sea and the god of wind.

So, the saying that Kunpeng is actually the god of the north sea Xuanming came out.

I personally don't believe this at all. This is a forced relationship.

There are two main descriptions of Xuanming in the Classic of Mountains and Seas.

"Classic of Mountains and Seas·Overseas North Classic": In the north, there is Yu Qiang, with a human face and a bird body, wearing two green snakes. He tramples on two green snakes.

"Classic of Mountains and Seas·Great Wilderness North Classic": There is a country called Dan'er, with the surname Ren and the name Yu Haozi, who eats grain. In the island of the North Sea, there is a god with a human face and a bird body, wearing two green snakes and trampling on two red snakes, named Yu Qiang.

Oh, this comparison is contradictory.

The two descriptions are generally similar, but one says trampling on two green snakes, and the other says trampling on two red snakes.

The most exciting thing is that "Classic of Mountains and Seas·Great Wilderness East Classic" also wrote: In the island of the East Sea, there is a god with a human face and a bird body, wearing two yellow snakes and trampling on two yellow snakes, named Yu. Huangdi gave birth to Yu, and Yu gave birth to Yu Jing. Yu Jing is in the North Sea, and Yu is in the East Sea. He is the sea god.

The yellow snake is here too.

Among them, Yu is Yuhao, and Yujing is Yujiang, which is Yuqiang.

This is a problem of variant characters, because the characters are constantly changing, and Shanhaijing was written by people in different periods and places.

I agree, but I think it is not Yuhao born by Huangdi

Because Hai Nei Jing wrote: 'Huangdi gave birth to Luo Ming, Luo Ming gave birth to Bai Ma, Bai Ma is Gun. Di Jun gave birth to Yuhao, Yuhao gave birth to Yinliang, Yinliang gave birth to Panyu, which was the beginning of Zhou. '

This contradicts Dahuang Jing.

There must be one false in the two, that is, some people with ulterior motives, in order to completely erase the Eastern God System of Di Jun, and some existences that originally belonged to Di Jun were transferred to Huangdi.

The most deleted places in Hai Nei Jing, especially Hai Nei Dong Jing, were basically deleted. In the remaining versions, Hai Nei Dong Jing has only about 100 words. The shortest in the entire Shanhai Jing.

It must have recorded the history that the editor could not tolerate, and it was probably the most targeted by Liu Xin.

Huangdi was the winner, and later generations would naturally change the book to favor him, so I tend to believe that Di Jun gave birth to Yu Hao as the truth.

Especially the section in the Great Wilderness Eastern Classic, only the first half of the sentence makes sense, starting from "Huangdi gave birth to Yu", and the rest is completely nonsense, almost a summary of the records of the two sections of the Overseas Northern Classic and the Great Wilderness Northern Classic.

The earliest Shanhai Jing had a picture, and the earliest author wrote an annotation for it, and that annotation was the beginning of the Shanhai Jing.

After that, people got the picture one after another and filled in the annotations, which formed the Shanhai Jing. Until now, there are only words left, no pictures.

For example, the Overseas Southern Classic wrote: Dishan, Emperor Yao was buried in the sun, and Emperor Ku was buried in the shade. There are bears, bears, tigers, leopards, Li Zhu, and Shi Rou; Yu Yan and King Wen were all buried there. One is Tangshan. Another is that there are bears, bears, tigers, leopards, Li Zhu, Chi Jiu, Shi Rou, and Hu Jiao.

This is very obvious, after all, King Wen was a person in the late Shang Dynasty and early Zhou Dynasty.

The earliest person who could say that King Wen was buried here could only be a person in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

So some people say that Shanhaijing was written by people in the Zhou Dynasty, or even in the Warring States Period in the late Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

I want to say that the earliest writing was definitely earlier than this, and much earlier, so why not say it later.

Just talking about this paragraph, it is obvious that "Yuyan, King Wen were all buried there..." were added later.

Originally, a map of mountains and seas had some text written on it by people before the Xia Dynasty. In the place of Dishan, it only wrote "Li Zhu, Shi Rou" and then stopped.

What King Wen, the early authors didn't know at all.

However, because the Shanhaitu and Shanhaijing were circulated one after another, there were always new descendants filling in the understanding based on the map.

So there were those texts that obviously felt repetitive and even the format was the same.

A nobleman in the Western Zhou Dynasty looked at Dishan on the map, verified it and said to himself: Eh? Isn't this Tangshan?

So he wrote his own notes: King Wen was also buried here, now called Tangshan…

Then he also listed the animals in the mountain, most of which were repeated, with only two more animals than in the first half.

This is a typical description of the same mountain written by people from two different eras.

The same situation appeared in several classics, such as a place where it was written that Cheng Tang defeated Xia Jie.

The people who wrote these words were definitely not the first batch of authors.

I call them the second generation of authors. These second generation people are not bad. They at least imitate the style of the early authors of Shanhaijing.

Unlike the third generation of authors, who were probably people in the Warring States Period, Qin and Han Dynasties, they directly added their own imagination, directly processed some things artistically, and imposed subjective conjectures.

The words "Kuafu did not measure his strength" were added by the third generation of authors.

Thankfully, in the existing Shanhaijing, there are still calm words such as "Kuafu chased the sun" written by the first batch of authors.

At this point, some people may say that the earliest Shanhaijing only had pictures and no words, and they were all added later.

I want to say, if there were only pictures, who could have written Shanhaijing?

Appearance can be written by looking at the picture, but what about the voice? How do later generations know the voice? And what is the name of a mountain? Can this be known just by looking at the picture?

So the person who drew the picture, at least someone in the same period wrote the picture and accompanied it with words.

In short, someone in ancient times drew the picture and annotated a few words, which may be very few, but there must be some.

That batch of words is the calmest and most concise.

After that, people in Xia, Shang and Western Zhou summarized it once, and people in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States summarized it once, plus a lot of deletions, and the pictures were lost, so Shanhaijing is now mixed with true and false, difficult to distinguish between the real and the fake, and absurd and bizarre.

Especially in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period, people like Liezi and Zhuangzi were romantic literati with particularly magnificent imagination.

Their existence made Shanhaijing have a lot of subjective artistic processing of words.

Back to Xuanming.

In fact, it is very easy to explain. Yu, a descendant of Emperor Jun, is the god of the East Sea. In the north of the Great Wilderness, there is a country called Dan'er, where all the people are descendants of Yu, with the surname Ren and who eat millet.

Yu's descendant Yu Qiang, also known as Xuanming, became the god of the North Sea.

Among them, Yu rides two yellow snakes. Xuanming rides two red snakes... and also rides a green snake.

Maybe the first generation of authors wrote red snakes, and the second generation of authors saw the picture and thought that the color was probably green? So they wrote green snakes.

It's that simple, the pigment of the picture turned black.

In short, all of the above is what I want to say: Shanhaijing has one or a group of ancient super authors. Some contradictory or repeated places were written by ordinary authors in the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties.

Why do I say one is super and the other is ordinary?

Because one was written after seeing the real object, and the other was written after seeing the picture.

There is an essential difference between the two.

It is hard to imagine how the Shanhaitu and the Classic were written.

The earliest author seemed to have traveled around the world...

Because Shanhaijing is a global geography and customs book.

The original text of Shanhaijing actually mentioned this point slightly.

"Classic of Mountains and Seas: Overseas Eastern Classic": The Emperor ordered Shuhai to walk from the easternmost point to the westernmost point, 500 million 9,800 steps. Shuhai held abacus in his right hand and pointed to the north of Qingqiu with his left hand. One said that Yu ordered Shuhai. One said 500 million 9,800 steps.

Same as above, after "one said", we can regard it as written by the second-generation ordinary authors of Xia, Shang and Zhou. They didn't know who this "Emperor" was when they saw the picture, and according to the legends of their period, they thought it should be Dayu, so they added the last sentence.

I said before: I don't listen to you second-generation ordinary authors.

I don't care whether the first half is the original version, but at least after "one said", it is definitely not the original version, but at least after the Xia Dynasty.

I have to say that the sentence "The Emperor ordered Shuhai to walk" is awesome. Walking from the easternmost point to the westernmost point, measuring the distance, is this something done in ancient times?

Some experts said that the Emperor refers to Emperor Shun, who ordered Shuhai to measure the whole country with steps, from east to west.

But I want to say that his steps are definitely not just across the country, but across the entire wilderness.

It is from the far east of America, across Asia and Europe, to the far west of Africa.

It is very simple, the number of steps is written, just calculate it.

Five hundred million nine thousand eight hundred steps, this is a completely astronomical number for the era when Shan Hai Jing was written.

Because assuming that Shuhai's step is 40 centimeters, he has walked at least 200,000 kilometers.

Some people say that maybe his step is very short and he didn't actually walk so many miles.

OK, then let's weaken him. Assuming that Shuhai's step is only 10 centimeters, he has walked 50,000 kilometers.

The circumference of the earth's equator is only 40,000 kilometers.

What is he measuring?

If he took a detour, a tortuous route, then it is probably just across all the land... The journey from America to Asia and then to Africa is almost a circle around the earth.

It can't be reduced any more. What is the concept of 10 centimeters? An ordinary cigarette is 12 centimeters...

Even if Shuhai is a dwarf, he can't walk only 10 centimeters.

Forty centimeters is too little, so I tend to think that he walked at least 200,000 kilometers.

Whether he traveled around the world or not, he definitely did not just measure the country.

No matter how he took a detour, walking 200,000 kilometers is already very outrageous.

Because most modern people cannot walk such a long distance in their lifetime.

If a person starts at the age of 20 and insists on walking 12 kilometers a day, he can finish the journey at the age of 70.

So how did he measure his steps? Did he really count them step by step?

No, the ancients were much better than we think: "Shuhai counted with his right hand and pointed to the north of Qingqiu with his left hand."

The original text has already told the readers how Shuhai walked. He first walked a mountain, then looked at another mountain with his eyes, stretched out his finger and pointed, and through similar triangle distance measurement, he could calculate the approximate distance between the two mountains.

This also explains why Shuhai was able to complete this task - mathematics helped him.

However, even with this method,

First, he also had to be able to see another nearby mountain... Unless he had satellite eyes, he still had to walk from the far east to the far west, at best taking fewer detours so that he wouldn't have to walk through some visible mountains himself. At most, he could walk 20% less.

Besides, even if mathematical tools could help him, the distance from the far east to the far west, passing through all the mountains, would not change! It would still be 200,000 kilometers... So this record was measuring the entire world anyway.

Because, even if calculated based on the territory of our country in the 21st century, the circumference of the country is only 40,000 kilometers.

It would take five laps around the entire country to cover 200,000 kilometers.

The 'Emperor' asked him to measure the distance from the extreme east to the extreme west. It’s not just at home.

Perhaps we should admit that what is recorded in the Book of Mountains and Seas are all facts, which were seen with our own eyes by our ancestors who traveled all over the world, step by step.

In academia, because the eastern part of our country is an alluvial plain without mountains, the entire "Dongshan Jing" is considered a forgery.

However, I heard that some American scholars in the United States followed the Classic of Mountains and Seas step by step, and finally found that the "Eastern Mountain Classic" accurately recorded the four major mountain ranges in the Americas, a total of forty-six famous mountains, and accurately described these The direction of the rivers in the mountains, the distance between the mountains, the flora and fauna... all basically match.

Of course, I haven’t been there, and I don’t know if it’s true, so I’ll just half-believe it.

But unless we completely deny the Classic of Mountains and Seas and believe that it is all made up, we can only believe that the Classic of Mountains and Seas records global geographical customs.

So why did ancient people have this ability to travel around the world? Who is that emperor?

I have an idea about who the ‘emperor’ is, but I can’t write it down here… so I won’t talk about it for now.

So much nonsense, let’s write something imaginative.

I said that The Classic of Mountains and Seas is a true record and not a fiction, so what about those completely unscientific beasts and their abilities?

This point has been interpreted by many, many people. It is nothing more than a problem of expression, lack of vocabulary, and misunderstandings by some bystanders.

To talk about the most typical one, "The Classic of Mountains and Seas Beishan Jing": "In the mountains of Qiaoming, the Qiaoshui flows out and flows westward into the river. There are many Holuo fish in it, one for each and ten bodies, and their sound is like a barking dog. It’s already carbuncle.”

The horo fish has ten bodies in one head, and is actually an octopus. The head of the octopus is too big, and all the rest are tentacles. Because the author of Shanhaijing has no concept of tentacles, he talks about ten bodies.

This is the best explanation.

There is also Kui, this is incredible. "The Classic of Mountains and Seas: The Classic of Wilderness" records: There is Liubo Mountain in the East China Sea, which reaches seven thousand miles into the sea. There is a beast on it, shaped like an ox, with a pale body and no horns, and one foot. When it goes in and out of water, there will be wind and rain. Its light is like the sun and moon, and its sound is like thunder. Its name is Kui. The Yellow Emperor obtained it, used its skin as a drum, and used the bones of thunder beasts as prongs. The sound could be heard for five hundred miles, so as to make the world famous.

This is a hippopotamus. It looks like a cow, with a dark body and no horns. I soak in the water every day, and because I am fat, I can't see my feet, so from the shore I think I have one foot, which means I have a cylindrical figure.

Hippopotamuses will come out of the water when it rains. This is the saying "When you go in and out of the water, there will be wind and rain."

Including various strange beasts, such as "when you see them, there will be floods", "when you see them, there will be severe droughts", etc., they are all for the same reason, that is, because there are winds and rains, there are severe droughts, and there are great floods, strange beasts appear. But the author of Shan Hai Jing let the strange beast take the blame.

The above is some very scientific stuff.

Since it is so scientific, I am too lazy to come up with some purely imaginative explanations. You can Baidu it yourself.

If you want to talk about it, just talk about some strange beasts that cannot be explained by animals.

"Hai Nei Bei Jing": "The Dog Feng Kingdom is called the Quan Rong Kingdom, and it looks like a dog. There is a woman who kneels down to eat. There is a handsome horse with a red mane on its body, and its eyes are like gold. It is called Jiliang, and it can live a thousand years. ”

Translation: The Quanfeng Kingdom is also called the Quanrong Kingdom, and the people there all look like dogs. There was a woman in Quan Fengguo who was kneeling on the ground holding a glass of wine and food to offer to people. There is also a Wenma there, which is white all over, has a red mane, and its eyes are shining like gold. Its name is Ji Liang. Riding it can make a person live a thousand years.

The first half is just another story about a strange country. According to the vocabulary of Shan Hai Jing, it is estimated that the people there wear dog-head masks. The woman kneeling down to offer food probably describes the situation of offering sacrifices or offerings.

There is no problem here, it is nothing more than going to the Inu Rong Kingdom and seeing the sacrificial ceremony of the local dog-headed wizard.

But there is also a kind of literary horse there, which can live up to a thousand years.

This thing cannot be explained by the previous method at all. It is definitely not an animal that exists today.

A similar description is found in the "Overseas Western Classic": "There is Chenghuang, which looks like a fox and has horns on its back. Chenghuang has a life span of two thousand years."

I won’t translate it, but it’s almost the same, except that you live longer, and your life span can be two thousand years.

How to explain the mount that makes people live longer?

Basically, it can only be considered a myth, fiction and conjecture.

But as I said, The Book of Mountains and Seas is a documentary thing and cannot be understood, just because the thinking of those who saw those things back then was limited and their way of describing them was different from ours.

I also said that we should interpret it directly on the assumption that everything has really existed.

Well, I have only one explanation for this. It is also the only reasonable explanation in my eyes.

It's a spaceship...

And it’s a light speed ship!

According to general relativity, the closer to the speed of light, the slower time goes. I have talked about this in the novel, and you should all know it.

This is not a conjecture, this is a proven theory. Time on the space station is faster than us on the surface, because the closer to a massive celestial body, the slower time is. This is all because time and space are distorted. Time and space have never been separated. They are originally one. When space is distorted, time is distorted.

These two things, which are always separated in various fantasy novels, have been unified as early as the last century.

Wen Ma and Cheng Huang are light-speed spaceships, or sub-light-speed spaceships. When the passengers leave the earth at sub-light speed, it may only take a few days or months for them, but when they come back, they find that one or two thousand years have passed on the earth...

Because the speed is too fast, there is no description of the speed of the two in the text. How to describe it? As fast as lightning? Sorry, lightning is too slow.

The thing is so fast that it is impossible to react at all. The people riding in it will not realize that they are traveling at the speed of light. They may even enter it and hibernate directly.

Of course, it may also be a hibernation chamber, but this does not conform to the statement of "riding it". The author said that it is something that can be ridden.

So the light-speed spaceship is the most appropriate.

At that time, people didn't understand at all. How could this person drive the thing away after entering, and come back after a thousand years, still so young? And the passengers are just ordinary people in our village, and it is absolutely impossible for them to live long. My God, they can live for a thousand years when riding that thing!

The recorder of Shan Hai Jing can only describe one phenomenon: the life span of the passengers seems to have increased by a thousand years.

In fact, it is not that the life span of the passengers has increased, but that a thousand years have passed in other places.

Compared with others, the passengers have entered Wenma for two thousand years, and they still look the same when they entered...

The recorder does not understand light-speed spaceships, so he can only write this: Cheng's life span is a thousand years.

What can he do? He has already exhausted his vocabulary within his own cognitive scope...

Some nitpickers may say, how could there be light-speed spaceships in ancient times? This is too ridiculous!

The ancients just imagined an animal, a mythical beast, why would they associate it with light-speed spaceships.

Yes, I also think it's ridiculous, and I also want to know why there were light-speed spaceships in ancient times...

For this reason, I have read through the Classic of Mountains and Seas and thought of several explanations, but if I want to explain it clearly, the space is too long and I can't write it here, so I won't say it for now.

For the time being, I will only give a very simple evidence.

That is the original text of this passage in the Classic of Mountains and Seas. The recorder has told us that Wenma and Chenghuang are not animals! Not animals! Not animals! Important things must be said three times!

Why do I say this, because I have discovered the description pattern of the Classic of Mountains and Seas

If it is an animal, the recorder will definitely write "there is a beast there" or "some beast".

So I say Xuanming must not be Kunpeng, because the original text of Shanhaijing keeps telling us, "there is a god", "there is a god", "there is a god"!

This is a classification, and the entire Shanhaijing is full of the original author's classification.

As for what category of gods are and what they refer to, the space is too long to be written here, so I won't talk about it for now.

In short, Xuanming is a god, and the recorder did not say "there is a fish there" or "there is a bird there".

When writing about octopus, Shanhaijing directly wrote "He Luo's fish". Although octopus is not a fish, the recorder at that time classified it this way. They didn't have any classification of invertebrates.

When writing about phoenix, Shanhaijing directly wrote "there is a bird there".

All the various strange beasts you know are clearly classified.

But in Wenma and Chenghuang, the original author did not give a classification. He did not write "there is a beast there, named Chenghuang".

Instead, he directly wrote "there is Wenma" and "there is Chenghuang".

In other words, the original author knew that this was not an animal! Not a beast, not a god, not a human, not something that his vocabulary could classify.

It was beyond the author's classification and beyond his cultural concept.

If you are awesome, but also can speak and be intelligent, and not a dead thing, then I can say you are a god. If you live in water, even if you don't look like a fish at all, I can classify you as a fish. If you can't move, are a dead thing, and look like a human, then I will call you a "corpse".

However, the light speed spacecraft... emmm.

In short, we can understand the things that the original author did not classify as "unidentified objects".

He did not classify, and directly wrote "there is a horse with a text" and "there is a yellow horse with a ride", which is actually his intuitive description without any speculation. His writing is calm and not deliberately subjective. Although many descriptions are metaphors, it is unintentional, because he has no choice but to describe it this way, which belongs to intuitive feelings. Accepting this point, you will find that the original recorder is a truly rational sage.

Horse is a means of transportation, and riding is a car, which is also a means of transportation.

Wenma is an unidentified object covered with patterns and can be ridden for long distances like a horse...

Chenghuang is an unidentified object that is yellow and can be ridden for long distances like a car...

From the details of "no beast is written", I can feel that he tried his best. He used the most concise words to express his most intuitive feelings.

So far, to sum up, an original author could not understand, did not classify, and thought it was not a god, not a human, not an animal, not a corpse.

He knew that it was not any means of transportation he knew, but he knew that it could be ridden. And after riding it, a thousand years have passed, and the rider is still as young as a thousand years ago...

For this thing, to be reasonable, I think the spacecraft close to the speed of light is the most reasonable answer.

I think that no matter how incredible an answer is, I don't care. As long as it is the only explanation under reasonable inference, then I think it is the truth.

And the most reasonable inference is based only on the clues hidden in the Shanhaijing itself, without mixing in the ideas of later generations such as Liezi, Zhuangzi, and Huainanzi.

I will not casually quote statements from other books. That would be like using the settings in Romance of the Gods to solve the puzzles in Journey to the West.

Liezi and Zhuangzi are just like us, they are far away from that era, and even have less clues than us.

Because in addition to the condition of Shanhaijing, we have another universal argument, that is science.

So I don’t like to follow the emotional statements of Liezi, Zhuangzi and Huainanzi. It is better to believe in myself than to believe in them.

The most reasonable explanation in my mind always comes from Shanhaijing itself and the objective laws of the universe that have never changed.

Where did the light-speed spacecraft come from? This question is like why the speed of light does not change.

It is an observed fact. Scientists are forced to establish a system of general relativity to accommodate it.

The collapse of quantum wave function is also an observed fact. Scientists are forced to overthrow the classical physics building and rebuild a set of quantum mechanics.

For me, when I think that Wenma and Chenghuang are light-speed spacecraft, which is the only possibility under my reasonable inference, I can only be forced to interpret other Shanhaijing records related to it based on this fact...

The space is too big and the place is too small to write.

Tsk, that’s all.

…

P.S.: Sorry. These ideas I wrote, when put into "Blue and White Society", are explained by using containment objects and the lizard-man Anunnaki (ancient gods). But our universe, after all, does not have containment objects. As for whether there are lizard-men, or human-headed snake bodies, I think there are... In short, these ideas about Shan Hai Jing are my interpretations of them from the perspective of the current interface, the current dimension, the current universe, and the current earth. They are the brain holes that are opened up when our universe is so natural and scientific. It's a pity that there are only a few dozen readers who really want to read these things, and there are really few comments. If I stuff them into the main text, it will be too watery. There are too many pages for my thoughts on Shan Hai Jing. I really can't write them down. It affected the update last time, and I probably won't write them again.