Chapter 751 Non-Violence, Non-Cooperation

News about the Pacific Alliance has, to a certain extent, obscured news from other regions. If Arthur hadn't paid attention to the situation in Europe, he might not have even known when Constantinople was renamed.

Yes, in March 1930, the Republic of Turkey officially announced that the famous European city Constantinople would be renamed Istanbul.

The name change was the result of a vote by all Turks, and it was also inevitable for Kemal to firmly implement Turkish reforms.

After all, although Constantinople and Istanbul are only different in name, for a republic where the vast majority of its citizens are Turks, the naming of this city must of course be based on Turkish ideas.

Facts have proved that even if history deviates due to various reasons, the wheels of history will still repair the deviation.

Time traveled to mid-March of 1930, and several major events occurred around the world.

The first is the famous non-violent non-cooperation movement that has caused great headaches for the British.

This was the Indian resistance to the brutal British rule, and it also represented the Indians' desire for their own independence and democratic rights.

The so-called non-violent non-cooperation does not mean that there will be no cooperation unless there is violence. The true meaning of movement is non-violence and non-cooperation, that is, using milder means to achieve one's goals.

Beginning in September 1920, the famous Gandhi proposed the famous non-violent non-cooperation plan.

These include: refusing to work in colonial governments and courts, refusing to study in British schools, advocating the use of handmade products to boycott British goods, refusing to pay taxes, etc.

Under Gandhi's call, the people held strikes, school strikes, market strikes, and rallies and marches, forming a torrent of anti-British anti-British sentiment.

But this first operation soon exceeded Gandhi's expectations. More than 2,000 Indian civilians burned 22 policemen and the police station to the ground, which also means that this resistance action has gone beyond the scope of non-violent non-cooperation.

Although Gandhi hastily stopped such behavior, he still could not prevent the British's anger from venting on the Indians.

Less than a month later, Gandhi, who proposed non-violent non-cooperation, was imprisoned, and his resistance to the British was also severely suppressed.

After this incident, Gandhi also learned a lesson and advocated in advance for the Indian people to engage in civilized disobedience and not to use violence to resist.

As early as last year, when the economic crisis was severe, the Indian National Congress and others put forward demands for independence and authorized Gandhi to lead the movement.

The main reason is that the British passed most of the harm of the economic crisis to India and exploited Indians crazily to maintain the stability of the British mainland.

Such behavior naturally caused dissatisfaction among a large number of Indians. Due to the very serious economic crisis in India, most of the country's population does not have enough to eat.

In 1929 alone, at least millions of Indians died of starvation, and hastily buried Indians and scrawled graves can be seen everywhere in the countryside.

As a revolt against the British, Gandhi formally made 11 demands to the Governor-General of India after entering 1930.

These include respecting the rights of Indians, granting autonomy to the Indian people, providing relief to Indians, and stopping exploitation, etc.

Naturally, the Governor-General of India would not refuse such conditions. In the eyes of the British, India was just a colony of their own, so what qualifications did the Indians have to resist their rule?

During the period when the British ruled India, they massacred millions if not tens of millions of Indians, and they did not care about the lives of these Indians at all.

Anyway, India doesn’t have many things, it just has a large population. It is not a problem for millions of people to die. With India's high birth rate, the vacancies in the population can be filled quickly.

After being firmly rejected by the Governor-General of India, Gandhi decided to carry out resolute resistance to the British, starting with the destruction of the Salt Monopoly Act.

Starting in mid-February, Gandhi led 78 followers from Ahmedabad, India, to the west coast of India. The entire journey is expected to be 426 kilometers on foot.

With Gandhi's high reputation in India, a large number of people soon followed him along the road, like a silent parade.

On March 22, Indian time, Gandhi led a large number of people to the Dandi seaside and cooked sea salt by himself, which lasted for three weeks.

This famous event in history is called the Salt March by Indians.

Such an action that provoked British authority would naturally not be tolerated by the British colonial government.

In April 1930, the British colonial government began to suppress the silent march heavily, including but not limited to shooting, throwing grenades, and even firing with heavy machine guns.

In just a few days, thousands of Indian people accompanying Gandhi were massacred, and Gandhi himself was arrested by the British colonial government.

This massacre can be described as a stone that stirred up a thousand waves, instantly arousing dissatisfaction and anger across India.

The British's indifference and discrimination towards India was almost obvious. This indifference to the people caused Indians to participate in the rebellion against the British.

From this point on, what had been a relatively civilized disobedience movement had actually turned into an independent revolution involving the entire India.

After the chaos broke out in India, the British no longer cared about maintaining a balanced policy around the world.

Such major problems have arisen in its own core areas. If they cannot be solved, the foundation of the British Empire will be shaken.

In order to suppress the Indian independence revolution, the British mobilized part of their home fleet to India and declared martial law in cities with more serious rebellions.

In addition, Britain invited Australasia to attend the meeting in an attempt to rebuild the British Australasia Alliance.

The news of the Indian revolution quickly spread to the world, and Arthur also expressed close attention to it.

After receiving the invitation from the British, Prime Minister Raul quickly asked to see Arthur and asked whether he would go to the UK to attend the meeting.

The meeting must be attended. Whether Australasia will help Britain in the end or not, it will not change Arthur's idea of ​​attending the meeting.

After all, Australasia and Britain have not yet been separated at this time, and at least the superficial work must be done for the people of the two countries to see.

Even for the large number of immigrants in Britain every year, Arthur has to do a good job of superficial work to keep the British trust and goodwill in Australasia.

The country that is most happy about the chaos in India is undoubtedly France. This not only means that France can breathe a sigh of relief in the competition with Britain, but also that France can participate in the Indian revolution and deal a heavy blow to this ancient colonial empire.

Of course, the French are not that extreme. Although doing so may cause heavy losses to the British, it will definitely not endanger the dominance of the British Empire.

As long as the strength of the Royal Fleet remains, Britain will still be the huge empire that people are afraid of.

France obviously has no intention of going to war with Britain, and naturally will not repeatedly trample on the bottom line of the British.

But this does not mean that the French have no action.

In April 1930, the French government formally invited the Austrian Empire, Spain and the Republic of Poland to pay diplomatic visits to itself, and there is a tendency to form a new anti-British alliance.

At almost the same time, the delegation sent by the Australasian government also took a transport plane and rushed to London, England to attend the meeting.

The two meetings held in the same month with the participation of different countries were also called the new Allied and Entente Conferences by the European media, marking the gradual confrontation between Britain and France.

In corners that Europeans did not notice, Italy and Germany were taking completely different actions at this time.

Let’s talk about Italy first, which is a country that has been in a coup for a long time. Mussolini had established a long-term dictatorship in Italy, and also formed an army loyal to himself, directly controlling the Italian regime.

Mussolini successively emptied the royal power and parliament, which made the Italian king a veritable puppet.

Yes, Italy was still a monarchy at this time, and the full name of the Italian state was also the monarchy of the Kingdom of Italy.

What Italy was planning was actually a very famous event in history, that is, the war with Ethiopia.

Of course, the official name of Ethiopia at this time was the Abyssinian Empire.

In fact, as early as more than 30 years ago, Italy brazenly launched an invasion of the Abyssinian Empire.

However, the results of the war at that time were also well known. As a great power, the Kingdom of Italy quickly collapsed, and even the African indigenous country of Ethiopia could not beat it.

At that time, the Italian army dispatched a total of 17,000 people, with more than 11,000 casualties, and more than 4,000 people were captured.

Such a ratio of casualties and prisoners is very exaggerated. On the other hand, the Abyssinian Empire, that is, the Ethiopian side, had about 10,000 to 15,000 casualties, which was almost the same level as the Italian army.

There is no doubt that this war shocked the world. Of course, the countries of the world were shocked by the weakness of the Italian army.

At that time, the Italian army was equipped with various advanced weapons, while the Ethiopian side was all backward weapons.

With such a huge gap in weapons and equipment, it should have been a massacre.

But unexpectedly, the performance of the Italian army was not satisfactory, and it could even be said to be an insult to the word "great powers".

It was also from this incident that the Italian army has always been a laughing stock in the eyes of the world powers, including the subsequent World War I and World War II, and it was also one of the few jokes in the cruel World War I and World War II.

For this reason, the so-called joke that the Italian army would drag itself down if it was its own ally, and would speed up its attack if it was the enemy's ally was born.

To describe Italy with a famous quote from German Iron-blooded Prime Minister Bismarck: "They came to the African continent with a mouth full of rotten teeth and a huge appetite, but their old teeth are destined to be unable to chew bones."

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