Chapter 337 Comparison of the Strength of Various Countries
The current ranking of the total fiscal revenue of the world's major powers is as follows:
The total fiscal revenue of the British Empire is 200 million pounds, the total fiscal expenditure is 198 million pounds, and the fiscal surplus is 2 million pounds.
The total fiscal revenue of the British Empire's colonies is 185 million pounds, the total fiscal expenditure is 173 million pounds, and the fiscal surplus is 12 million pounds.
The total fiscal revenue of the United States is 151 million pounds, the total fiscal expenditure is 153 million pounds, and the fiscal loss is 2 million pounds.
Germany's total fiscal revenue is 150 million pounds, the total fiscal expenditure is 220 million pounds, and the fiscal loss is about 70 million pounds.
France's total fiscal revenue is 145 million pounds, the total fiscal expenditure is 200 million pounds, and the fiscal loss is about 55 million pounds.
The total fiscal revenue of the French colonies is 55 million pounds, the total fiscal expenditure is 51 million pounds, and the fiscal surplus is 4 million pounds.
Russia's total fiscal revenue is 130 million pounds, the total fiscal expenditure is 185 million pounds, and the fiscal loss is 55 million pounds.
The total fiscal revenue of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was 75 million pounds, the total fiscal expenditure was 110 million pounds, and the fiscal loss was 35 million pounds.
The total fiscal revenue of the island country was 53 million pounds, the total fiscal expenditure was 60 million pounds, and the fiscal loss was about 7 million pounds.
Italy's total fiscal revenue was 40 million pounds, the total fiscal expenditure was 55 million pounds, and the loss was about 15 million pounds.
The total fiscal revenue of the Ottoman Empire was 26 million pounds, the total fiscal expenditure was 40 million pounds, and the loss was 14 million pounds.
Because of the continuous naval arms race and army expansion, the major European powers generally faced fiscal losses.
But there was no way to do this. After all, as long as they stopped expanding their military, the gap in armaments with other countries would widen.
For the major European powers, fiscal losses are certainly not appropriate, but the gap between them and the enemy is getting bigger and bigger, which is unacceptable.
If you win the war, you can get everything, so you are naturally not afraid of small fiscal losses. Once the war is lost, even if a large amount of wealth is accumulated, it will be plundered and occupied by others.
It is a good thing that Australasia's current fiscal situation has always maintained a surplus, which means that even if Australasia's fiscal expenditure grows rapidly in the future, the fiscal loss problem it faces will not be too serious.
The development of industry is also very rapid. Although the growth of steel production has slowed down, Australasia's total steel production reached 1.701 million tons and 2.7192 million tons in 1912.
At present, Australasia's steel production can also rank seventh in the world after the United States, Germany, Britain, Russia, France and the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
The scale of total steel production is also about the same level. In terms of steel production, it has fully surpassed the two inferior powers, the island countries and Italy.
Although the total steel production cannot fully represent the industrial level, it is also one of the important criteria for judging the industrial level.
At present, Australasia has a significant advantage in economy, industry and other aspects compared with Italy and the island countries, except for the obvious disadvantage of population.
Even in terms of land and navy technology, Arthur is confident that he is one level ahead of Italy and the island countries.
Australia has also surpassed the island countries and Italy in terms of coal production, which is closely related to industry.
According to the information revealed by various countries in the world, the country with the largest total coal production in the world should be the United States, with an annual coal production of 530 million tons.
The following are ranked in order:
Second place, Russia 360 million tons.
Third place, Germany 277.2 million tons.
Fourth place, Britain 210.5 million tons.
Fifth place, Austria-Hungary 54.2 million tons.
Sixth place, France 40.8 million tons.
Seventh place, Australasia, 37.7 million tons.
Eighth place, island countries 7.8 million tons.
Ninth place, Italy 700,000 tons.
What is different from history is that Britain's coal production should have exceeded Germany in history, but because of the separation of Australasia, the British Empire lost an important mineral resource production area, so its coal production was lower than Germany.
Australasia's mineral resource reserves are not inferior to any country, but the real reason that limits Australasia's coal production is that the domestic market size of Australasia is not large.
First of all, Australasia's climate is not so extreme. The hottest temperature in summer is generally more than 20 degrees, and the coldest temperature in winter is generally around zero degrees.
This leads to the low demand for coal heating in Australasia. In Australasia, the real use of coal is for industry and power generation.
However, many industrial equipment in Australasia uses electricity, which once again reduces the demand for coal.
In addition, the government does not need to sell mineral resources in exchange for funds, so Australasia's coal production has been stable at a sufficient level.
If calculated according to the total reserves of various types of coal in Australasia, according to the current mining speed, it is enough for Australasia to mine for thousands of years.
However, with the development of domestic population and various construction economies, the demand for coal is bound to increase.
However, according to Australasia's coal reserves, it will basically not be exhausted in hundreds or thousands of years.
In addition to the most basic coal and steel production, due to the construction of the first and second phases of the Leonora Industrial Base, coupled with the great encouragement of various industries, Arthur believes that at present, Australasia's industry has caught up with or even surpassed Italy. At least in terms of industry and economy, Australasia has the strength of a great power.
The current proportion of world industrial production in various countries in the world can be seen, and the influence of the current great powers on the world can be seen.
The ranking of the proportion of world industry in various countries in the world is as follows:
The United States accounts for 31.8%
Germany accounts for 14.8%
The United Kingdom accounts for 13.6%
Russia accounts for 8%
France accounts for 6%
Austro-Hungary accounts for 4.4%
Australasia accounts for 3.7%
Italy accounts for 2.2%
Island countries account for 1%
The industrial production of the above nine countries accounts for 85.5% of the world's industrial production, and the remaining 14.5% is divided among dozens of countries and regions.
In fact, by comparing all the rankings, it can be clearly found that, except for the German Empire, there is a clear gap between the other countries of the Allied Powers and the three major countries of the Allied Powers.
Although Germany has been catching up with Britain in terms of industry and economy, the more difficult problem is that the industrial economy of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Italy combined is not a match for France.
In terms of population size, industrial scale and economic foundation, the gap between the strength of the Allied Powers and the Allied Powers is not small.
If it were not for the fact that the German army was too strong, I am afraid that the First World War in history would end soon.
With the expansion of the army and navy of the major European powers, the total number of land and navy in European countries has increased a lot compared to a few years ago.
The current ranking of the total number of army personnel in major countries in the world:
Russia 1.468 million
France 967,000
Germany 944,000
Austro-Hungarian Empire 726,000
Britain 640,000
Italy 600,000
Ottoman Empire 450,000
Island Countries 370,000
Australasian 222,000
Romania 200,000
United States 164,000
Russia, with its sufficient population, naturally has the largest army among the great powers.
However, Russian soldiers are generally undertrained, many soldiers' equipment is also backward, and their comprehensive combat effectiveness is not strong.
The United States, which currently ranks last in the number of soldiers among the great powers, has actually never paid much attention to the army.
With its superior geographical environment, as long as the US Navy has a sufficient scale, it can guarantee the security of the US territory.
This is especially true after the strength of the Canadian territory in the north of the United States and Mexico in the south has weakened.
The United States is currently the strongest country in North America, so there is really no need to expand the size of the army.
Of course, another important point is that the US military technology is not developed, and the combat effectiveness of the army and navy is actually not high.
Even if the United States has hundreds of thousands of troops, it may not be a match for the European army of more than 100,000.
In fact, it can be seen from these rankings that the comprehensive strength of Australasia has reached the requirements of the great powers, which is why the European media and some countries claim that Australasia is the eighth great power.
In addition to being more optimistic about white people compared to island countries, Australasia's own good strength is also an important factor.
Of course, when it comes to the strength of the army, the recognized combat effectiveness of the army is also an important factor.
Among all the countries in the world, the one with the strongest recognized combat effectiveness is of course the German Empire, which is currently the world's first army power.
The strong combat effectiveness of the German Empire's army is beyond doubt, and there is no need for any explanation or explanation at all.
Under the German Empire Army, the French Army should be ranked second in the world.
The level of the French Army's second in the world is also recognized. Although it was defeated by the Germans decades ago, it was also the former European hegemon and the first army power.
A lean camel is bigger than a horse, not to mention that the French camel is not lean to death, but simply a little malnourished.
Apart from Germany and France, it is a little difficult to confirm the country with the third strongest army.
European media have different opinions on this. Some support Russia, which has a very large army, some support the former Central European hegemon Austro-Hungarian Empire, and some are optimistic about Australasia. In short, there are many different opinions.
But if we ignore the advantage of the number of Russian army and only calculate the combat effectiveness, Russia will definitely miss the third place.
The Austro-Hungarian army also has a disadvantage, that is, the army composed of Germans is very strong, and the combat effectiveness of the army composed of other nationalities is not strong.
Their military equipment and training level are not bad, but the complex ethnic distribution makes it very troublesome to pass military orders between the armies.
The terrible thing is that often the soldiers of a company come from many nationalities and cannot communicate with each other, let alone cooperate well in combat.
Therefore, when Arthur listed the list in his mind, he deservedly listed Australasia as the world's third strongest army (only looking at combat effectiveness).
If we take into account the various military technologies currently possessed by Australasia, even the Australasia Army and the German Army could go toe to toe, so Arthur's ranking was not wrong.
If it weren't for the fact that the French army performed quite well in World War I, Arthur would even rank the combat effectiveness of the Australasia army second in the world.
Below Australasia, if we only consider the combat effectiveness of the army, it should be the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
The fifth in combat effectiveness should be the island countries. Russia was ranked sixth by Arthur.
The reason is actually very simple. In the Russo-Japanese War a few years ago, the performance of the Russian army in the Far East was really worrying, and even made people doubt the real combat capability of the Russian army.
Although the Russians have purchased a large number of weapons and equipment from Australasia in recent years. But if the training level of the soldiers and the supply of materials are not solved, Arthur is still not optimistic that their individual combat capabilities can surpass the island countries.
However, the Russians have more than one million standing troops after all, and it is no problem for the comprehensive army strength to surpass the island countries.
There is no need to rank the combat effectiveness of the remaining countries' armies. The combat effectiveness of the armies of Britain, the United States and Italy is half-baked.
Except for the combat effectiveness of some elite armies, the combat capability of conventional armies is simply a mess.
Of course, Arthur's army combat power ranking is only arranged according to the current situation revealed by various countries, as well as the wars they participated in and their historical performance.
The specific situation may be slightly different, but it should not be much different.
In fact, the army of the European powers in this era, except for France and Germany, which are truly elite, the combat power of the army of other countries is hard to describe, and they all have more or less shortcomings.
However, for European countries, having a large population is also an advantage.
If the comprehensive strength of the army is calculated by combining the size of the army and the combat power of the army, then this army combat power ranking will also undergo considerable changes.
The comprehensive strength of the army, if calculated according to the number of active and reserve troops, the expected combat power of the army, the equipment level and training level of the active army, then the ranking is as follows:
Germany is still the world's number one, with more than 900,000 regular troops plus millions of reserve troops, making Germany the most powerful country in the world.
France is still ranked second. France has a regular army slightly larger than Germany, and also has millions of reserve troops.
Although the combat effectiveness is not as good as that of the German army, it has advantages over other countries.
The third in terms of comprehensive army strength is the Tsarist Russia, which has more than 1.4 million standing troops. The Tsarist Russia also has tens of millions of reserve troops. Even if the equipment level and training quality are very poor, the human wave tactics alone are enough to make the Russian army rank third in the world.
Of course, if the turbulent situation in Russia is not taken into account, Russia's comprehensive army strength can even surpass France.
But unfortunately, according to Arthur's situation, the situation in Russia is not good. It has greatly affected the combat effectiveness of the Russian army. After all, if the government is gone, who should the army fight for?
The fourth in terms of comprehensive army strength is the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Germany's only reliable ally at present.
The Austro-Hungarian Empire has more than 700,000 standing troops, plus millions of reserve troops. The army's equipment is still excellent. If the language communication problems caused by the large number of ethnic groups can be solved, I am afraid that the Austro-Hungarian Empire can really become Germany's strong ally.
Arthur ranked the comprehensive strength of the Australasia Army fifth in the world. Although Australasia only has 220,000 standing troops, if it recruits troops without regard for the consequences, it can also burst out millions of troops.
In addition to the various army technologies hidden by Arthur, it is not excessive to occupy the fifth place in the world.
After Australasia, the sixth strongest army in the world should be the British Empire.
The reason is that the British Empire has hundreds of millions of people in its homeland and colonies, which also means that it has tens of millions of inexhaustible cannon fodder.
These cannon fodders alone are enough to make the British Empire's army strength take a big step forward, and it is fully capable of fighting with the above five countries to obtain the final victory of the war.
The seventh strongest army country has to fall on the island country. Although the island country has been excluded from the ranks of the great powers by many European media and countries, it cannot be denied that the island country's army combat effectiveness is still medium among the great powers, much stronger than countries like Italy and the United Kingdom.
If the island country can solve the problems of backward equipment and small industrial scale, the army strength is still considerable.
The world's eighth strongest army, after many twists and turns, barely ranks with Italy.
The reason why Italy can become the world's eighth strongest army does not mean that it has the strength of the world's eighth strongest army, but that the army strength of the countries after it is weaker. In other words, it all depends on the contrast of its peers.
After Italy, the ninth and tenth strongest armies in the world are the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria.
Although Bulgaria defeated the Ottoman Empire in the previous Balkan War, it relied on the full cooperation of the Balkan Alliance after all, and the Ottoman Empire was pinned down by Italy.
If Bulgaria's army strength is pulled out and compared with the Ottoman Empire, although its combat effectiveness is indeed higher than that of the Ottoman Empire, the Ottoman Empire also has a larger population.
Again, before there is a clear technological gap, the power of human wave tactics is not small.
Outside the top ten, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, Greece and other countries that performed well in the Balkan War are qualified to be ranked in the top fifteen of the world's army strength.
Of course, this list mainly records the great powers and European countries. Otherwise, a certain Asian country with the world's largest population can also be on the list by relying on human wave tactics.
As for the United States, which has the status and strength of a great power, its comprehensive army strength is really not as strong as Serbia, Bulgaria and other countries.
It is difficult to judge the comprehensive strength of the army, but it is easier to judge the comprehensive strength of the navy.
Simply put, the comprehensive strength of the navy can be judged by the total tonnage of warships and the number of battleships.
The total tonnage of warships represents the number of warships, and the number of battleships determines the true combat effectiveness of the navy.
At present, the total tonnage of the navies of various countries in the world is heavy, and the British Empire ranks first, as high as 2.51 million tons.
Germany ranks second, with a total naval tonnage of 1.17 million tons.
The United States ranks third, with a total naval tonnage of 840,000 tons.
France ranks fourth, with a total naval tonnage of 800,000 tons.
Russia ranks fifth, with a total naval tonnage of 600,000 tons.
Island countries rank sixth, with a total naval fleet of 510,000 tons.
Italy ranks seventh with a total naval tonnage of 390,000 tons.
Australasia ranks eighth with a total naval tonnage of 190,000 tons.
Australasia ranks ninth with a total naval tonnage of 150,000 tons.
Although Australasia still has a clear gap with the European powers in terms of total naval tonnage, if we only look at dreadnoughts and super dreadnoughts, Australasia's number of dreadnoughts ranks among the top five in the world.
Even if we talk about the real combat effectiveness of the navy, Arthur is confident that it will surpass Australasia and Italy.
The reason is that these two countries have very few dreadnoughts, and their naval combat effectiveness must be greatly discounted compared to their naval tonnage.
Even the island country that currently lacks the support of the British Empire, although it has the tonnage of the old battleships before, the dreadnoughts it plans to build have not yet been put into service.
Australasia's three dreadnoughts and two battlecruisers may not be the opponent of the island country's eight old battleships.
Even if we assume that the combat effectiveness of a battleship is equal to that of two old battleships, the comprehensive combat effectiveness of the Australasian navy is even greater than that of the island nation's navy.
This can only be said that the progress of science and technology has brought too much progress to the strength of the army and navy. After the birth of the dreadnought, the role of the old battleship has been infinitely reduced.
And after the birth of the super dreadnought, the importance of the dreadnought has also been reduced a lot.
At present, before calculating the combat effectiveness of a country's navy, the number of super dreadnoughts and dreadnoughts it has will be given priority.
The number of dreadnoughts and super dreadnoughts can basically represent the true strength level of a country's fleet.
A country with a dreadnought is not necessarily a country with the top naval strength, but a country with the top naval strength must have a dreadnought.
The two main battleships, dreadnoughts and super dreadnoughts, have become naval weapons that can be ignored but must be possessed by European powers and world naval powers.
If you want to become a recognized naval power, it has become common sense to have a certain scale of dreadnoughts and super dreadnoughts.
The reason why the island nation lost to Australasia in military strength and was robbed of the title of the eighth great power by Australasia is that the island nation has not been able to own a dreadnought of its own so far.
Australasia not only equipped itself with its own dreadnought early, but is currently building super dreadnoughts for other countries.
The gap between the two is already very huge, which makes the island nation almost lose its status as a great power as a matter of course.
There is bad news for Australasia, that is, as of now, that is, at the end of 1912, the per capita arable land area in Australasia has decreased from the original 2.3 acres of arable land per capita to 2.1 acres.
However, this is also a matter of course. After all, with the development of major cities, coupled with various industries and construction, a large number of immigrants and rural people will be attracted into the city and become the resident population of the city.
In addition to some private farms that have already formed a scale, there are not many immigrants in Australasia who choose to engage in agriculture, accounting for only about a quarter of the total number of immigrants.
However, although the per capita cultivated land area has decreased, the total cultivated land area in Australasia still reached 25.43 million acres, which is nearly 6 million acres more than three or four years ago.
Because Arthur constantly emphasized the importance of food, the grain output and total cultivated land area in Australasia are also growing.
Thanks to the increase in the total cultivated land area, the total grain output in Australasia has reached more than 11.58 million tons in 1912. After the grain output exceeded 10 million tons last year, this year has set a new record.
The scale of Australasia's strategic grain reserves has also increased from 2 million tons a few years ago to 10 million tons.
Of course, such a high grain reserve is because the government has suspended many plans to export grain.
In this way, the government's fiscal revenue has been reduced a lot, and it has even paid a lot of money to buy grain from farmers.
Generally speaking, only grain that has been hoarded for too long will be sold to the outside world as appropriate.
Other grains must be hoarded and wait for the European war to start in the future, and then sold to European countries at a higher price.
How exaggerated is the grain reserve of 10 million tons? You should know that the total annual grain consumption of Australasia will not exceed 3 million tons.
This means that Australasia's current strategic grain reserves are enough for the whole country to eat for three years.
In these three years, Australasia's grain production will continue to expand. To put it in a more considerate way, it will never be eaten up.
The good news is that Australasia has just escaped from poverty and hunger, so food waste is still rare.
Large-scale extravagance and waste basically do not exist, which has also reduced people's food consumption to a certain extent.
In 1912, 11.58 million tons of grain were exported, and only less than 2 million tons were exported. Adding more than 2 million tons consumed domestically, this year alone, the government's strategic grain reserves have increased by nearly 7 million tons.
Of course, the current reduction in Australasia's grain exports has little impact on the price of world grain.
After all, European countries have extensive colonies, and many countries around Germany are also European food exporters, so European countries basically don't have to worry about food problems.
Even if food prices rise, the increase is basically not much, so European countries don't care much.
Even countries like Britain and France would rather see such a thing happen.
After all, Britain and France have extensive colonies, but they just spend a little more on transportation costs, and basically there will be no shortage of food.
But Germany is different. If you want to have enough food, you have to buy it from neighboring countries at a high price.
Except for the more favorable food prices in the ally Austria-Hungary, food prices in other places will rise a little, which also means more expenses.
After all, Germany has a population of tens of millions, and the annual food consumption is not a small number.
Although Australasia's food exports have decreased, the export of meat has not decreased too much.
After all, Australasia's animal husbandry is too large, and there is no need to make a fuss about meat exports.
After all, with more than 200 million sheep, tens of millions of cattle and countless other livestock animals in Australasia, meat will never be lacking at any time.
7000 words second update, please vote, please support!
Today's daily 10,000, 10,000/10,000 updated, please vote, please support!