Chapter 602 0597 [Essay Conference]

The donkey cart stopped outside Donghua Gate, where there were already many vehicles.

After Li Qingzhao got off the bus, he met many elders and friends, and it was very lively to exchange greetings with each other.

The guards checked the official badges one by one, and everyone filed in, and soon took the carriage in the imperial city to the Mingtang.

Today, everyone is very excited.

Since the founding of the Ming Dynasty, the first Sutra Banquet Conference was held in Mingtang.

With Li Qingzhao's rank, she was not eligible to participate, but she had the status of being granted imperial edict. "Give Fei" means that it is not enough to wear a Fei robe, but it will give you the treatment of wearing a Fei robe.

Arriving at Mingtang, which was designed and built under the supervision of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, Li Qingzhao shamelessly touched the middle position. There were too many people coming to the conference today, and she was afraid that she would not be able to hear clearly if she sat too far back.

Zhang Gen sat in the front, closed his eyes and rested, wandering around the world.

He thought that his concession would bring the matter to an end, but he didn't expect that the emperor had just begun.

Regarding Deyun, Zhang Gen also tried to communicate with Zhu Guoxiang, but his several letters were all in vain. Then he was summoned by Zhu Guoxiang. The emperor and his ministers had a question and answer session, but it was obvious that they could not reach an agreement.

Today's sutra banquet is held, and it is obvious that Zhu Guoxiang is paving the way for "Ming Dynasty official learning".

The official learning during the Huizong period of the Song Dynasty was "New Learning". After years of textbook cultivation, New Learning is definitely the mainstream now. However, due to the foolhardy king and treacherous ministers, a large number of non-mainstream doctrines opposed to Wang Anshi emerged, and even imperial students liked to secretly read banned books.

Ju Ming prefers Luo School, but wants to cater to the new school, but the integration is not complete at present.

Moreover, within Luo School, different schools began to separate.

Without his son, his thoughts were confused, and Zhu Guoxiang decided to put things into perspective. Because he realized that even the cabinet "each has its own learning."

Zhang Gen: Double major in Luo School and New School.

Zhai Ruwen: Double major in Luo Studies and Su Studies.

Li Bangyan: New Learning.

The way of cultivating teachers: Guan Xue. Although Guan Xue has been integrated into Luo Xue, the specific academic thoughts are also different.

Huang Shang: New learning. Despite Huang Shang's harmless appearance, his network of in-laws and friends included the descendants of Cai Jing, Cai Bian, Zeng Bu, Zhang Dun, Lu Huiqing and Wang Anshi.

Xiao Chu: Double major in Luoxue and Xinxue.

Liu Yao: New learning.

The clues can be seen from their schools of thought. Among the four in the cabinet who voted in favor, three were disciples of the New School, and one was a fusion of Luo School and New School.

"The emperor has arrived!"

Everyone stood up and bowed to greet each other. There were hundreds of people participating in the sutra feast today.

"Everyone with a flat body will be given a seat." Zhu Guoxiang said.

The band was also there, playing music related to the Sutra Feast, and the ceremony official announced the start of the Sutra Feast.

Zhu Guoxiang said: "I am not familiar with the various schools of thought. Today, you gentlemen, please speak freely. You don't have to distinguish between right and wrong. You just need to explain your views to me. Xiao Qing will summarize it."

Xiao Chu immediately stood up and said loudly: "The schools in modern times are nothing more than Luo Xue, Xin Xue and Su Xue. Luo Xue is good at sex theory, Xin Xue is good at names and numbers, and Su Xue is good at economics. Do you think so?"

Some people nodded, while others frowned.

Names, etiquette, and systems are indeed what Wang Anshi is good at.

Economy is originally meant to benefit the world and the people, but the literal meaning here is very close to the "economy" of later generations.

Are Sansu and his disciples economists?

In fact, the reform ideas of the mature Su Xue were more radical than those of Wang Anshi.

To use an inappropriate metaphor, Wang Anshi’s new law is similar to the combination of state capitalism and small-scale peasant economy. The state dominates industry, agriculture and commerce and suppresses mergers, both land mergers and commercial mergers.

However, Sansu and his disciples advocated a free market economy, and advocated that workers, farmers, and merchants should each benefit, and that the court should not interfere too much. They represented the emerging citizen class, craftsmen and merchant groups.

Between a big government and a small government, it would be strange not to fight.

Xiao Chu, an old guy from Luo School, has studied all three schools. His thoughts are the same as Ju Ming: "Why can't the three schools be unified? Use Luo Xue to understand human nature, use new learning to argue names, and use Luo Xue to understand nature and reason. Su Xuedong's economics and the teachings of Confucius and Mencius are enough, so why worry about the world not being able to prosper? "

Huan Guo couldn't help complaining: "I have all three, but I don't know the root and the bottom, and I don't know the truth from the false. When I commentate on the scriptures, which one should I take and which one should I leave out?"

This is true. When the three factions merge, there must be choices.

And where there are trade-offs, it happens to be where the theories of the three schools are very different. No one obeys anyone!

Zhu Guoxiang said: "Since we want to distinguish between the root and the bottom and make clear the choice, we should start from the fundamentals. Let's talk about the Dao of the Universe first. Although Guan Xue has been integrated into Luo Xue, Zhong Qing studied Guan Xue passed down from his family, so he started from Zhong Qing Let’s start talking.”

This is to explore different sects of cosmology.

Zhongshidao stood up and said: "Heaven, earth, and the universe are one, which is Taihe, which is the way of heaven. Laozi said that existence comes from nothingness, which is wrong..."

Zhang Zai’s Guanxue cosmology can be summarized as “monism”.

That is to say, the universe is composed of a mysterious force, let's call it "qi".

When Qi gathers, it is too empty, which is heaven, that is, nothing; when Qi disperses, it is all things, which is Tao, that is, existence.

Heaven is the foundation and Tao is the function.

Being and non-being are essentially one, and there is no such thing as Laozi saying that being comes from nothing.

In addition, there are theories about the nature of mind and ghosts and gods, all of which are explained from a materialistic perspective.

This is a kind of simple materialism, which regards Qi as the basic substance of the universe.

And there is a sense of immortality in the cycle of matter. Even if people die and all things are destroyed, the basic matter (qi) that makes up people and all things is still there, and can be recombined into new things through the movement of heaven.

"No!"

Hu Anguo stood up on behalf of Luo School and said: "Every day is new, if you are new every day..."

The universe view of Luo School is very different from that of Guan School.

The heavenly way of Luo School is the principle of heaven, and matter (qi) is born and dies, and is constantly developing and updating.

He also believed that the "Taixu" of Guan School is not Tao, but a tool. Only abstract things such as rituals, laws, and morality are Tao, and the rest are tools and uses.

Then, Huang Shang expressed his views on behalf of the new school.

Wang Anshi's new school of universe is derived from tracing back to the original meaning of the "Tao Te Ching".

He believed that yin and yang are the origin of the universe, and the universe is composed of qi.

The original qi remains motionless, which is the body of Tao. The rushing qi runs between heaven and earth and forms all things, which is the use of Tao.

There is no representative figure of Su School, and Zhu Guoxiang asked Zhai Ruwen to explain it on his behalf.

In terms of the universe view, Su School has nothing of its own, and its explanation is similar to that of Luo School.

After listening, Zhu Guoxiang felt that they are all the same.

Only Zhang Zai's Guan School, whose statement that matter is cyclical and indestructible, is a little interesting.

Then, Zhu Guoxiang asked about the worldview and life view of each school.

The explanations of Guanxue, Luoxue and Suxue did not arouse Zhu Guoxiang's interest.

Only the new school made Zhu Guoxiang's eyes light up.

The general idea of ​​Wang Anshi's new school is: the law of nature (the way of heaven) is not subject to human subjective will, so people should not interfere. But human affairs outside the way of heaven must be done by people.

This is to clearly divide the boundary between heaven and man.

Don't worry about the way of heaven, we can't control it, just do human affairs seriously!

Zhu Guoxiang suddenly clapped his hands and praised: "What a good 'what does the natural way of the way have to do with it', what a good 'only because it involves the form and the tool, it must wait for people to say it, and what people do'. I couldn't distinguish the way of heaven and man before, and Wang Linchuan said it in one word!"

About 30% of the officials changed their faces drastically, about 50% of the officials were delighted, and the remaining 20% ​​of the officials were indifferent.

Zhu Guoxiang added: "I don't completely agree with the new school, but I think Wang Linchuan is right about the way of heaven and man. In the future, the interaction between heaven and man should be based on this. The way of heaven is the way of heaven, and you can be respectful; the way of man is the way of man, and you must do your best."

"Your Majesty..." Hu Anguo wanted to debate.

Zhu Guoxiang interrupted: "No need to say more. I have just heard the ideological viewpoints of Luoxue, and I think the new school makes more sense."

Xiao Chu smiled and said nothing.

Hu Anguo was already frustrated by the emperor, and seeing Xiao Chu's gloating look, he immediately rolled his eyes at this senior brother.

You Luoxue traitor, the emperor has approved of the new school, and you are still eating melons there!

Prime Minister Zhang Gen didn't care about it. Anyway, he practiced both Luoxue and the new school, but he was more inclined to Luoxue.

Deputy Prime Minister Zhai Ruwen was looking forward to it. In terms of economic policy, he supported Su Shi's free market economy. Since the emperor supports the new school's view of heaven and man, will he also support Su Shi's economic view?

With the accumulation of experience as a local official, Su Shi, in his later years, already agreed with some of Wang Anshi's new laws.

Therefore, Su Shi's idea of ​​governing the country is that the state should actively intervene in agriculture, but not too much in industry and commerce.

Immediately, Zhai Ruwen stood up and said: "The three Su's talk about economy..."

After listening, Zhu Guoxiang said: "Let's not talk about Su's economics today, and follow the established strategy."

The established strategy is to count the population and land, split up the migrating clans in key prefectures, and distribute the land occupied by the old Song court to landless farmers. In terms of industry and commerce, the court will no longer do business in person, but it must control important resources such as minerals, salt, and tea, and this control is overall weaker than that of the old Song Dynasty.

To be honest, it is very close to Su's idea of ​​governing the country.

The future official school of the Ming Dynasty will mostly be a hodgepodge of Luoxue, Xinxue, and Suxue.

Forced stitching will inevitably have theoretical loopholes, and even when annotating classics, different places will contradict each other.

But as long as Zhu Guoxiang and Zhu Ming set the tone and made sure that the main idea remained unchanged, the great scholars would correct and fill in the details.

Zhu Guoxiang smiled and stood up, and asked the eunuch to bring a blackboard: "The Institute of Astronomy has an astronomical telescope, and Huang Aiqing (Huang Shang) has already seen it. Huang Aiqing, what did you see?"

Huang Shang stood up and replied: "I saw that the moon is a big sphere, and there are holes on the surface of the sphere."

Some of the hundreds of officials at the scene had secretly seen it.

But most people heard about it for the first time, and they all couldn't believe it.

Zhu Guoxiang drew a map of the solar system on the blackboard, and marked the name of each planet with words, saying: "I started studying astronomy in the old Song Dynasty, and these are some minor achievements. The telescope of the Institute of Astronomy will be open to the public in the next two months. Anyone who is interested can go and see the moon. Today's Jingyan Conference ends here."

Hundreds of officials looked at each other and watched the emperor leave.