$ Chapter 1622 Frogampfog (10)

No. 1g&fog(ten)

"Madame Sèvres!"

Before Georgiana could board the carriage, a postman stopped her and handed her a letter.

Georgiana took it, but did not look anxiously. Mrs. Segu and Mr. Martin got into the carriage from the other side. Figuere and the coachman sat in the front row, followed by Alice, Belle, and Matilda's carriage. Coupled with Laplace's daughter, Shaptard's wife and other characters, her group actually had 10 carriages. If the Mamluk cavalry were also included, it was already a large team.

They didn't have to go to review the soldiers with Napoleon, but they had to go to the dock. As soon as the car door closed, Mr. Martin continued to tell her the basic situation.

Monroe mentioned imported whiskey for multiple reasons. After the Revolutionary War, the United States was eager to pay off the war debts. Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey made farmers, especially the Irish and Scots in western Pennsylvania, very dissatisfied. These people not only imported whiskey It is used both as a drink and as currency, mainly because there is insufficient currency in the market. It is somewhat similar to the use of silk, spices, salt and other commodities as currency in the Middle Ages.

At the same time, winemaking is also a method of grain preservation. Farmers brew excess grain into wine, pack it in small barrels, and transport it down the Mississippi River by horse or boat to the eastern market.

In the past, when the United States was still a British colony, it tried to enact a stamp tax. So was this stamp tax used for trade management or went into the British treasury?

According to the British constitution, an Englishman cannot legally be taxed without the consent of his representative in Parliament, but a pamphlet circulating in England states that many places in the UK, such as Sheffield and Manchester, do not representatives, but were still taxed, and Boston also had representatives in Congress, so the Americans had nothing to complain about.

When bundles of tax stamps appeared at the docks, Americans knew that if they didn't take action, the stamp duty would be gone. According to the provisions of the Stamp Act, this law cannot be enforced without tax stamps, so these tax stamps were secretly destroyed after landing.

This is a temporary solution rather than a permanent solution. Even if the tax stamp is destroyed, someone will still have to take responsibility. The use of force will intensify the conflict. The final solution to the stamp tax must be negotiated.

"Status" and "social status" are two words in French. A person's identity is a businessman, but his social status is not necessarily high.

Since the colonial people did not have the right to vote, it was entirely possible to elect representatives to Congress, but this would mean that it was reasonable and legal for Congress to collect taxes from the colonies, which would go against the purpose of the colonies refusing to pay taxes.

In the end, the people of the North American colonies won the argument and the stamp duty was abolished, but when the people cheered for it, the king signed the "Act of Declaration" on the same day as the "Abolition Act", which stated that "the king was and is, And by the power and authority to make laws and decrees to govern the American colonies and their people under all circumstances." In other words, the legislative power of the North American Colonial Assembly was taken away, but at that time everyone was busy celebrating and no one cared.

In 1767, Congress passed the "Townshend Act". Townshend himself felt that the distinction between "internal taxes" and "external taxes" was meaningless, but the colonists insisted on doing so, so they "beat" it by imposing "external taxes" Give them a try.

In America at that time, taxes were levied on all kinds of glass, lead, paper, and tea. In order to effectively collect these and other taxes, tax collectors were sent to Boston.

This kind of tax collector is as hateful as the tax collector who collects stamp duty. The difference is that stamp tax collectors will run away when they encounter pressure and resistance. These tax collectors brought troops. In this case, the people of the colony had no choice but to agree with Townsend's distinction between "internal taxation" and "internal taxation". ” and “external taxes” were meaningless, and paid in full the previously unknown duties.

William Pitt the Younger was opposed to this, because the tax did not obtain the consent of the colonial people, and Congress did not have the power to "take money out of their pockets."

It is difficult for anyone except legislators to determine which taxes are to raise revenue and which to regulate trade. The nature of the law must be inferred from the intentions of the legislators, and the intentions of the legislators must be inferred from the nature of the law. This problem that logicians go around in circles does not need to be discussed in detail. In short, the people of the Americas have firmly established a belief. They have The same powers as all nations, able to judge when their rights are violated. External taxes are tariffs and import taxes, and internal taxes are consumption taxes. If Britain can dissolve the colonial parliaments at this time and completely destroy the colonial self-government, then the crux of all problems will be solved.

But the colonial assemblies in America did not work together. At least the Governor of New York supported the British troops stationed in New York in accordance with the Garrison Act and did not allow the Massachusetts Assembly to call for illegal gatherings to "defend liberty."

After dragging on for a few years, in 1773, the Boston Tea Party broke out, this time to oppose the tea tax laws and "Why should I be forced to buy tea that is more expensive after paying taxes when I can buy smuggled bargains?" .

More importantly, the Tea Duty Act gave the East India Company the right to export duty-free. However, the smugglers still used the old method of opposing stamp duties in 1765. They boarded the ship in disguise and dumped the tea directly into the sea. The last time they poured tax stamps and framed the blame on the Indians, who dressed up as Indians at the time.

The whiskey tax reminds Pennsylvania farmers of the evil "stamp tax", as well as "internal taxes" and "external taxes." Each state has an independent constitution, and it is reasonable to impose tariffs between countries. However, the whiskey tax was enacted at the end of the Revolutionary War. Later, the thirteen states in North America became one country, and it was unreasonable to continue to collect tariffs. Interpreting it as a consumption tax reminds the people of the exorbitant taxes under British rule. However, the whiskey tax has become the second largest tax source in the United States. Hamilton cannot give up. If this tariff is cancelled, it will not be able to raise debts for the Revolutionary War and conquer the Indians. To increase military spending, he will raise tariffs, which may lead to more smuggling and tax evasion.

When the federal tax collectors went to collect taxes, they were in a situation where everyone was shouting for beatings. The tax collectors were feathered and tarred. Before the Whiskey Riots, Hamilton wanted to appease the rebels by lowering tax rates, but with little effect. In the end, a riot broke out and George was needed. ·Washington personally went into battle to suppress it.

After Jefferson became president, he abolished the whiskey tax in 1801. This was of course popular with the people. He supported small farmers, but the second largest tax source was gone. Monroe's idea was to import whiskey and increase tariff revenue through imported whiskey. As for imported whiskey occupying the eastern market, what to do if farmers in the west can't sell whiskey is not within his scope of consideration. Anyway, the federal government cannot obtain tax revenue from it. Residents said, “There is strength in numbers, and we must resist the consumption tax to the end at all costs.”

He can also gain profits from the whiskey trade. France will not be unlucky enough to have a bad harvest every year. The excess grain can be used to make wine. Similarly, Scotland and England are in trouble because of prohibition.

It is almost known to everyone that Napoleon wanted to split the United Kingdom. At the same time, some people in England very much hope to continue to have zero tariffs or cooperate with France in a low-tariff manner. Lowering tariffs can increase trade volume and reduce smuggling and tax evasion. This is what everyone A situation that everyone is happy to see.

The exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous taxes collected by King George made the British people very dissatisfied, especially the income tax that supported the anti-French alliance war, and everyone had long wanted to stop paying.

This situation is a bit unexpected. After all, everyone thought that Napoleon made a mistake by allowing British steel and grain to be imported tariff-free.

The UK can establish a ship surveying association, and France can also set up one, depending on which one has more members. As long as peace is maintained, British warships will not engage in piracy and rob passing merchant ships.

Just when Georgiana was dizzy by the amount of information exploding and the shaking carriage, they arrived at the Rouen dock. As soon as their carriage appeared, music sounded on the dock.

Through the glass window of the carriage, she saw a large ship docked on the shore. It was very ornately built and had a gilt sculpture on the bow. However, it was not a mermaid, but a woman surrounded by grapevines.

"That's the cruise ship given to you by the head of state, the Pomona." Mr. Martin said with a smile.

Georgiana looked at the sailboat. The letters pomone were painted with black paint on the side string of the ship, which happened to be the French spelling of pomona.

Fortunately, she is used to seeing super cruise ships in the 21st century, otherwise she might have been stunned by this scene.

The cruise ship is not big. Cruise ships are different from cargo ships and require speed. After all, it is used for postal services, although it looks very luxurious.

At this time, she remembered what Mr. Jenner said: "It's so generous."

How can he be such a prudent person when he gives away gifts like this?