Chapter 850 318651kPa! Room Temperature Superconductivity!

Chapter 850 318.651kPa! Room temperature superconductivity!

It is not difficult to synthesize a material through nanotechnology.

But it is quite difficult to finely control every area of ​​the material, to fine-tune the stacking and distortion of the material surface while doping silver and chromium elements, and to ensure that all places are the same.

While waiting for the copper oxide substrate to be processed by the electron beam evaporation coating machine, Xu Chuan also prepared the doped materials and equipment.

After waiting for about two hours, after the electron beam evaporation coating machine completed the surface crystal film processing of the copper oxide substrate, he transferred the substrate from the SC laser guided plasma vapor deposition system.

After the ultra-high purity silver and chromium materials were processed in the oxygen-isolated equipment, they were also sent to this set of equipment at the same time, waiting for them to be doped.

The so-called SC laser guided plasma vapor deposition system is the core of completing room temperature superconductivity.

It is divided into two parts.

The first part is to melt and evaporate the material to be doped by means of DC discharge, and the steam will cool or react when it encounters the surrounding gas, thus forming nanoparticles.

The second part is to use the path of direct vapor-crystal conversion, using ultraviolet laser to guide these doped vapors to quench into exotic alloys that are stable at the nanoscale, and use them as building blocks to print into 3D nanostructure arrays, which are evenly deployed on the surface of copper oxide-based superconducting materials.

This is the core part of manufacturing copper oxide-based chromium-silver system room temperature superconducting materials.

Simply put, its principle is somewhat similar to the manufacture of chips, but the process is not so complicated.

Chips are made on wafers by photolithography machines to carve logic gates, while the manufacture of copper oxide-based chromium-silver superconducting materials is to guide doped materials on the substrate to complete nanostructure arrays through SC laser-guided plasma vapor deposition systems.

The former requires multiple etchings, while the latter is enough once.

But in any case, for the manufacture of a material, its manufacturing process can be said to be very complicated.

Not only is it complicated, but almost every piece of equipment it needs is extremely expensive.

For example, the price of a top vacuum electron beam evaporation coating machine exceeds five million, and the price of an SC laser-guided plasma vapor deposition system is over ten million.

If it is possible to pull out single-crystal silicon ingots that are enough for tens of thousands of chips at one time, just like the manufacturing of single-crystal silicon, it is still worth using these expensive equipment to manufacture room-temperature superconducting materials.

But in fact, when making room-temperature superconducting materials in the laboratory, only a small amount of "samples" can be produced each time.

This is also the main reason why copper oxide-based chromium-silver system room-temperature superconducting materials are difficult to industrialize.

After all, laboratory products and industrialized products are two completely different concepts.

Being able to do it in the laboratory with various top-level equipment does not mean that large-scale production can be the same.

However, research on industrialization is the business of the industry. As long as the technology of room-temperature superconducting materials appears, the industry will naturally invest a lot of money in it to try it out.

Even if large-scale production cannot be achieved in the end, it will definitely achieve a certain degree of commercial use.

At least in various high-precision products, the application of room-temperature superconducting materials, apart from performance, is itself a huge gimmick that can bring huge profits.

So Xu Chuan is not worried about this aspect of work.

No matter how difficult industrialization is, as long as a product has high practical value, someone will always find a way to get it done.

What he had to do was to solve the defects of the copper oxide-based chromium-silver system·room temperature superconducting material.

Substrate treatment, silver-chromium doping, argon protection, adjusting the stacking and distortion of the material surface, and establishing a uniform thickness in nanometers to obtain the required dielectric strength local electron delocalization.

After staying in the laboratory for two and a half days, Xu Chuan's tense nerves did not relax until one o'clock in the afternoon of the third day.

Looking at the computer connected to the argon protection device, he controlled the instrument to stop the operation of the equipment.

The argon protecting the internal materials was extracted, and the high temperature quickly dissipated. In the high-temperature resistant ceramic material vessel, a silver-gray thin film less than ten centimeters long was lying there quietly.

This was the first piece of 'copper oxide-based chromium-silver system·room temperature superconducting material' that he had been busy for two and a half days to successfully replicate.

Wearing laboratory gloves and using special tweezers, he carefully took the film out of the argon protection tube furnace, and the R&D personnel beside him quickly handed over the glassware with buffer material.

"Test the performance of this material."

After a long sigh, Xu Chuan gave the order.

He did not personally do the test experiment, because there were still several pieces of materials waiting for him to complete the subsequent process.

While making the first piece of material, he simultaneously prepared several pieces of material.

After all, it was more than ten years since he personally prepared the room temperature superconducting material, and he did not dare to guarantee that he could succeed in one go.

According to the process, using the laboratory equipment to simultaneously process the materials at different stages, it is always right to prepare more pieces of material.

If everything goes well, he can get at least five pieces of 'copper oxide-based chromium-silver system room temperature superconducting material' this afternoon.

This number, even if it has not been done for more than ten years, should be able to guarantee that at least one piece of qualified product will be produced.

Now the first finished product is out, and the rest are still waiting for him.

So the experimental test of superconducting performance can only be handed over to other researchers who are helping him.

On the side, Min Fu, a researcher who served as his assistant and tester, nodded and walked towards another laboratory with the prepared superconducting materials.

In the past month, as a special superconducting tester, he has tested no less than two-digit materials.

Among them, most of the prepared superconducting materials can only achieve low-temperature superconductivity. Even if they can occasionally achieve high-temperature superconductivity in liquid nitrogen environment, it is only a very small number.

Just when he habitually thought that the materials this time were not much different from usual, the data on the superconducting electromagnetic test system made him stunned.

Generally speaking, to verify whether a new material is a superconducting material, two conditions need to be verified.

The first is whether the material has zero resistance.

The second is whether the material has complete anti-magnetism.

For example, resistance measurement.

The most basic superconducting property of superconducting materials is that the resistance disappears in the superconducting state. By applying current to the superconducting material and measuring the resistance, it can be determined whether the material is in the superconducting state.

During this period, the test system can be used to change the external environment and conditions, such as temperature, pressure, etc., to test the data of this material under different conditions, that is, critical temperature, critical magnetic field, etc.

The first set of experiments done by Min Fu was naturally to test whether the material prepared by Xu Chuan had superconducting properties.

The critical temperature measurement experiment has been done. The temperature of the non-superconducting-superconducting phase transition of this material is 123.8K, which is minus 149.35 degrees Celsius.

If this value was put ten years ago, it would definitely be a very good data. It is much lower than the cooling temperature of liquid nitrogen.

After all, the research on high-temperature superconducting materials had just started at that time.

But now, it can only be said to be mediocre.

The critical temperature of high-temperature copper-carbon-silver composite superconducting materials is 152K, and the critical temperature is even better.

What stunned Min Fu was not the critical temperature, but another parameter.

Pressure test experimental data!

According to his habit, after completing the critical temperature test experiment, the next experiment he conducted was the pressure test.

For the current superconducting field, the pressure research and development of superconducting materials is not on the mainstream research and development route.

Although pressure is a very important thermodynamic dimension, materials will show novel structures and properties under high pressure, which has always attracted the attention of physics, materials and chemistry researchers.

And materials such as metallic hydrogen, hydrogen-rich compounds, and carbon-sulfur compounds once achieved room-temperature superconductivity under high pressure.

But the pressure at which these materials achieve room-temperature superconductivity is terribly high.

For example, in 2019, the German research team found that lanthanum decahydride can show superconductivity above 250-260K, which is close to room temperature, at 1.7-1.9 million atmospheres.

In addition, the carbonaceous sulfur hydride developed by the University of Rochester in the United States in 2020 can also achieve room-temperature superconductivity under high pressure.

But the intensity of this pressure is a full 2.6 million atmospheres.

Such harsh conditions can be said to make this material have no other practical value except research value.

Even the pressure at the bottom of the Mariana Trench is only 1,100 atmospheres, while 260Gpa is a full 2.6 million standard atmospheres, more than 2,000 times that at the bottom of the Mariana Trench.

Such an exaggerated pressure, except for the laboratory, can be said to have almost no practical value.

Therefore, the academic and scientific research communities are still focusing more on temperature in the research and development of superconducting materials.

The reason is very simple.

On the one hand, the difficulty of increasing the critical temperature is much lower than the difficulty of reducing the critical pressure.

On the other hand, and more importantly, in terms of application, it is much easier to create a low-temperature environment than a high-pressure environment.

However, the test experimental data in front of him overturned Min Fu's cognition of superconducting materials based on the pressure system.

318.651kPa!

Under this data, the resistance curve that originally maintained a nearly parallel to the X-axis, as if jumping off a cliff, directly touched the bottom at an angle of nearly 90 degrees.

Staring at the data on the computer screen, Min Fu swallowed dryly and rubbed his eyes hard.

He must have seen it wrong!

This is not 318.651kPa, but 318.651MPa!

No, that's not right either, it must be 318651MPa!

This number should be normal!

After all, he had never heard of any research institute's superconducting material that could superconduct at room temperature under a pressure of 3,000 atmospheres.

Even the most powerful room temperature superconducting material in history, lanthanum decahydride, which is publicly recognized by the academic community, requires at least 1.7 million atmospheres to achieve zero resistance.

A pressure of 300,000 megapascals is right!

But soon, Min Fu fell into self-doubt again.

The equipment in the laboratory. Can this superconducting electromagnetic test system achieve a pressure of 300,000 megapascals?

It can't be done!

Having done countless experiments, he knew very well that the maximum pressure that the superconducting electromagnetic test equipment in the laboratory could produce was only 100,000 standard atmospheres.

300,000 megapascals, which is almost 3 million standard atmospheres.

With the testing equipment in the laboratory, it is impossible to produce such a high pressure.

Three million standard atmospheres, even in the entire world, there are only a few laboratories or research institutes that can create this level of pressure.

Because there are only a handful of countries that have mastered ultra-high pressure technology, any large scientific device that can produce ultra-high temperature, ultra-high pressure, and deviatoric stress is no exaggeration to say that it is a "big country's important weapon."

Staring at the small data marked on the Y-axis on the screen, Min Fu's breathing began to become heavier unconsciously.

318.651kPa!

He was really not wrong, this was only the intensity of three standard atmospheres!

"Fuck"

After repeating it again to confirm that he had read it correctly, a sentence of uncontrollable but simple shock came out of his mouth gently.

"At a pressure of 318.651kPa, does this material really transform into a superconducting state?"

"How can this be?"

"."

After muttering a few words to himself, Min Fu suddenly realized something and suddenly recovered from the shock. As if he was crazy, he pulled the chair under his buttocks, stumbled and ran outside.

"Academician Xu Xu!"

Ignoring the knock on the door, Min Fu violently pushed open the door to the laboratory and barged in. He didn't even bother to take a breath and shouted with great effort.

"A major discovery has been made!"

In the laboratory, Xu Chuan, who was wearing goggles, without looking back or making a sound, steadily sent the second superconducting substrate in his hand into the SC laser-guided plasma vapor deposition system before turning around. Come over.

Listening to Min Fu's excited voice and looking at his beaming expression, Xu Chuan also had a hint of excitement and expectation in his eyes. He probably knew what was going on.

"Is there a breakthrough in superconducting materials?"

After asking quickly, Xu Chuan's eyes fell on Min Fu, who was breathing heavily, waiting for him to tell the answer.

"More than a breakthrough! It's simply a miracle!"

Min Fu took a deep breath and said quickly: "I haven't finished the test experiment yet, but the resistance measurement and critical temperature test have been done."

"This new material will transform from a non-superconducting state to a superconducting state at 123.8K, which is minus 149.35 degrees Celsius."

“But that’s not the point”

"What's the key point?" Xu Chuan was almost speechless by Min Fu's way of reporting in the order of experiments. Can't you just tell the key point?

Min Fu didn't care about his details. He said excitedly with a red face: "318.651kPa!"

"When I conducted a pressure test on it, I found that this new material has zero resistance at standard room temperature of 25 degrees Celsius!"

"This is a miracle!"

"It's incredible!"

"In an environment of three standard atmospheric pressures, there are materials that can be superconducting! This is a breakthrough in history."

Min Fu was still talking excitedly, but Xu Chuan already had a smile on his face.

This was exactly the answer he was expecting, but he didn't expect that the first piece of prepared material would meet the standards.

"Come on, take me to see you."