Chapter 490 Providing a Theoretical Basis for Quantum Chips
Xu Chuan entered his office to study something. Fan Pengyue didn't pay attention at first, thinking he would come out soon.
As a result, it was not until the next day, when he was in a meeting, that he suddenly remembered this matter.
I took out my cell phone and made a call, only to find that this junior brother had already run back to his villa.
In the study, Xu Chuan hung up the phone, looked at the manuscript paper on the table, which was already filled with dense characters, and continued his research.
The inspiration had been captured, and he wanted to perfect this theory in one go.
".Consider regular placement of dopants in the lattice of the space group (SG), which reduces the symmetry to CUC143, while the two-band and four-band models are characterized by symmetry-strengthened double Weyl at $\Gamma$ and A point."
"Due to the non-trivial multi-band quantum geometry of the hybrid orbital characteristics, as well as a singular flat band. The excellent consistency in density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the high-temperature copper-carbon-silver composite material after the introduction of Cu atoms to form a magnetic trap provides Evidence that the minimum topological band at the Fermi level can be achieved in doped materials."
"Theoretically, this is enough to provide a basis for building topological quantum materials."
Looking at the words on the manuscript paper, Xu Chuan's eyes showed a trace of satisfaction.
After three days of sleepless nights and staying up late, he seized the chance inspiration and expanded it to include topological states of matter based on the grand unified framework theory of strongly correlated electrons.
Exploring the generation mechanism and characteristics of topological states in strongly correlated systems provides the theoretical basis for the realization of new quantum devices.
Although there is still a long distance between theory and application, with the guidance of theoretical basis, the direction of application is already clear.
Just like a ship sailing on the sea and encountering a storm, it sees the bright lighthouse on the edge of the coast among the waves and hurricanes, and has a clear direction to move forward.
Stretching with satisfaction, Xu Chuan stood up and stretched his muscles.
There was a crackling sound of joints, and he flexed his fingers, sat down again, and sorted out the manuscript papers on the table.
Studying the generation mechanism and characteristics of topological states can actually be regarded as a continuation of the grand unified framework theory of strongly correlated electrons.
However, he will probably not send this research paper out.
Because the importance is quite high.
A paper that provides a theoretical basis for the construction materials of quantum chips. No matter which country it is developed in, it is the object of national key confidential research.
After sorting the manuscript papers and putting them in the drawer, Xu Chuan leaned on the back of his chair and stared at the bookshelf not far away and began to think.
With his research paper on the generation mechanism and characteristics of topological states, the development of quantum computers should be able to speed up.
The development of quantum chips and quantum technology is the future trend, and it is also a shortcut for China to achieve overtaking in the chip field.
As for traditional silicon-based chips, to be honest, there is no chance in this regard.
It’s not just because Western countries, led by the United States, have been working on silicon-based chips for decades and established a complete set of rules and advanced photolithography technology, which has resulted in other countries having to catch up but not surpass them; moreover, There are reasons why silicon-based chips have almost reached their end.
Traditional chips have always been based on silicon materials, but with the continuous improvement of chip technology, silicon-based chips are gradually approaching their limits.
At present, AMSL, TSMC and other companies have achieved the production of three-nanometer or even two-nanometer chips.
But for silicon-based chips, one nanometer is its theoretical limit.
The first reason is that the size of silicon atoms is only 0.12 nanometers. Based on the size of silicon atoms, once the chip technology reaches one nanometer, there will basically be no room for more transistors.
Therefore, the traditional silicone chip has basically reached its limit. If more transistors are forced to be added after 1nm, various problems will occur in the performance of the chip.
The second reason is the quantum tunneling effect, which is the biggest factor limiting the current development of silicon-based chips.
The so-called tunneling effect is simply a phenomenon in which microscopic particles, such as electrons, can directly pass through obstacles.
Specific to the chip, when the chip process is small enough, the electrons that originally flow normally in the circuit to form the current will not flow according to the route, but will pass through the semiconductor gate and flow everywhere, eventually causing leakage. and other issues.
To put it simply, it is like a person who has learned the art of walking through a wall and passes directly from one side of the wall to the other.
In fact, this phenomenon does not refer to the effect that only appears when the silicon-based chip reaches one nanometer.
This leakage phenomenon has occurred in silicon-based chips before when the chip reached 20 nanometers.
However, some chip manufacturers, including TSMC, later improved this problem through process improvements.
Later, between 7 nanometers and 5 nanometers, this phenomenon appeared again, and ASML solved this problem by inventing the EUV lithography machine, which greatly improved the lithography capabilities.
But in the future, as chip processes become smaller and smaller, various problems caused by quantum tunneling effects will gradually be exposed when traditional silicon-based chips reach 2 nanometers.
There are signs of reaching one nanometer. Even if some chip manufacturers can break through this barrier, the overall chip performance will not be good in theory, and it may not be too stable, and various problems may occur.
Perhaps in this process, scientists will think of various ways to solve this problem.
But the limitations of silicon-based materials themselves are there, and its development potential is limited.
And finding an alternative material, or developing other discovered computers, is what the chip and computer industry has been doing.
Quantum chips and quantum computers are undoubtedly the most important in the future development route.
In this regard, even carbon-based chips, which have the greatest possibility of replacing silicon-based chips, are slightly less important.
After all, today's quantum computers have built a fairly complete theoretical foundation, and even realized physical computers that manipulate two-digit quantum bits, and the development prospects are bright.
As for the trouble, it lies in how to manipulate quantum bits and store information.
And the research paper on the mechanism and characteristics of the generation mechanism of topological states in his hand can solve this problem to a large extent.
This means that the number of bits manipulated by quantum computers can enter three or even four digits.
Don’t be fooled by the tens of billions of transistors in the chips of traditional silicon-based chip computers, and the number of quantum bits sounds pitifully small.
But in fact, the two cannot be compared at all.
If you have to compete, then the computing power of a quantum computer with 30 quantum bits is almost the same as that of a classical computer with a trillion floating-point operations per second.
And the computing power of quantum computers increases exponentially with the number of quantum bits controlled.
According to scientists’ estimates, a quantum computer with 100 bits will exceed the current most powerful supercomputer when dealing with certain specific problems.
If the computing bits of a quantum computer can be increased to 500, then this computer will beat all current supercomputers in all aspects.
Of course, these are all theoretically based, and the specific actual situation is not yet known.
However, such an attractive prospect in theory naturally attracted countless countries and scientific institutions to pay attention to this.
Xu Chuan is no exception, especially since he now has such a killer in his hands.
But what he is considering is whether to cooperate with the country to develop the field of quantum computers, build rules, and control quantum hegemony, or to continue his own research first.
Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, and it is indeed difficult for people to make a choice.
After thinking for a while, Xu Chuan shook his head and threw away the idea in his mind.
Let's take it one step at a time. He can't spare any time to do this for the development of quantum computers.
Miniaturized controlled nuclear fusion technology and aerospace engines have not been completed yet, and the most important energy should be put on this first.
After tidying up the mess on the desk, Xu Chuan stood up, took a shower and rushed to the Chuanhai Materials Research Institute.
Superconducting materials with high critical magnetic fields have been supported by data in simulation experiments, and the next step is naturally to prepare them through real experiments.
Originally, this work should have started three days ago, but he spent three days studying in the villa because of some unexpected inspiration, and Fan Pengyue did not receive any instructions and did not dare to start without authorization, so it was delayed for three days.
However, Xu Chuan did not care too much, these three days were completely worth it.
After entering the laboratory and changing into work clothes, he found two formal researchers as assistants and personally began to prepare high-temperature copper-carbon-silver composite superconducting materials with anti-strong magnetism mechanism.
There was not much difference in the steps of preparing this improved superconducting material in the early stage.
The raw materials with high purity, good crystal structure and controllable particle size were produced by vacuum metallurgical equipment, which was the basis for preparing copper-carbon-silver composite materials.
Then, the prepared nanomaterials were sputtered on the SrTiO3 substrate using RF magnetron sputtering equipment to form a thin film.
And from here on, it was a turning point.
In the original high-temperature copper-carbon-silver composite superconducting material, 2% volume fraction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and surface-coated Cu-modified carbon nanotubes were added as reinforcement phases.
However, in the enhanced superconductor, it is necessary to introduce an excess of Cu nanoparticles and guide the Cu atoms to form spins and form orbital hybridization with C atoms under high temperature and high pressure conditions through current stimulation to improve the surface structure of the material.
The main purpose of this step is to allow the Cu atoms in the excess Cu nanoparticles to be doped into the holes, thereby generating non-trivial quantum phenomena and promoting the generation of magnetic traps.
Simply put, the generation of magnetic traps requires external energy supplementation, and high temperature, high pressure and conductivity are the means of supplementation and the means of adjusting the spin angle of Cu atoms.
This is one of the common means of optimizing the performance and microstructure of nano-scale materials and superconductor materials.
In addition to high temperature and high pressure, there are also methods such as infiltration growth, solution method, vapor deposition method, and physical deposition method.
However, because of the need for additional energy supplementation, these methods are probably not suitable for superconductors with enhanced critical magnetic fields.
If the high temperature and high pressure guidance method is not suitable for improved superconducting materials, the only remaining way is probably to complete it through ion implantation.
But the energy level of the ion implanter is too high, which will damage the superconductor to a large extent, not to mention reducing the performance, and industrial mass production is also quite troublesome.
After all, this is the preparation of raw materials, not the production of semiconductors, and the cost-effectiveness and preparation difficulty must be considered.
PS: There is another chapter in the evening, please vote for me!