Chapter 1976 8 Tones and 8 Instruments

Qin Feng carefully selected five designs.

Because of Yingcheng's heavy award, these five design drawings are actually not the design drawings of a simple performing arts hall, but the design drawings of an entire city block.

Relying on this main building, which is the Qin Feng Piano Performance Pavilion as the center, a music community will be created nearby.

The five design drawings are all unique.

Basically, it's all about the idea of ​​a music community.

However, as far as Qin Feng is concerned, the most satisfying thing is one of them, represented by eight ancient Chinese musical instruments, distributed in eight directions throughout the community, guarding the Qin Feng Piano Performance Pavilion in the middle.

This is similar to a Bagua chart.

The eight musical instruments are: pipa, chime, flute, harp, harp, xun, sheng and drum.

These eight musical instruments also correspond to the eight tones: gold, stone, earth, leather, silk, wood, pao, and bamboo.

Pipa, originally called "pipa", is a plucked string instrument. Liu Xi of the Han Dynasty recorded in his book "Shiming. Shiming Musical Instruments": "Biba originally came from Hu Zhong, and the drum was played immediately. Pushing the hand in front is called Pi, and leading the hand is called Ba. When it resembles the drum, it is named after it. ." The ancient meaning of this name is: Pipa is an instrument played on horseback. When it is played forward, it is called Pi, and when it is played backward, it is called Pi. According to the characteristics of its playing, it is named "Pipa" (Pipa). In ancient times, knocking, striking, playing, and playing were all called drums. At that time, nomads rode on horses to play the pipa, so it was "drummed on horseback".

Chime bells are large-scale percussion instruments of the ancient Han nationality. They emerged in the Western Zhou Dynasty and flourished from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties. It is made of bronze. It consists of oblate bells of different sizes arranged in order of pitch and hung on a huge bell stand. The bronze bells are struck with a T-shaped wooden hammer and a long rod to produce different sounds. Because each bell has a different tone, if you strike it according to the music score, you can play beautiful music.

The history of the flute can be traced back to ancient times. Archeology shows that bone sounders dating back more than 7,000 years have been found in unearthed cultural relics, which archaeologists call "bone whistles" (cultural relics unearthed in Hemudu, Zhejiang, now in Zhejiang Province). At the same time, Xiao is divided into Dong Xiao and Qin Xiao, both of which are single-tube and vertical. It is a very ancient Han wind instrument. The tone is mellow, soft, quiet and elegant, suitable for solos and ensembles. It is generally made of bamboo, with the blowing hole at the upper end. There are six-hole flutes and eight-hole flutes.

The origin of the harp is also very ancient, and it accounts for the largest proportion among the stringed instruments discovered in archaeology. Its excavated places are concentrated in Hubei, Hunan and Henan provinces, and most of them come from Chu tombs in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Elsewhere, only sporadic discoveries have been made. The zither is shaped like a harp and has 25 strings with different thicknesses. Each string has a pillar and is tuned according to the pentatonic scale. The earliest zither had fifty strings, so it was also called "fifty strings".

The status of the qin among ancient musical instruments is similar to the status of the piano today. It was invented in Fuxi's time. It is a five-stringed qin, or it may have been made by Shennong ("Ancient History": Fuxi made the qin and zither. "Gangjian Yi Zhilu": Fuxi used tung trees as the qin, rope silk as the strings, and mulberry wood as the strings. It is a harp. "Shuowen": Qin, also a string instrument composed by Baoxi. "Century of Emperors": Shennong began to make a five-stringed Qin to have the sound of Zhengyu, the king of Gongshang. From the nine dynasties to King Wen, he added more to it. The two strings are called Shaogong and Shaoshang.) The place where the Qin was invented is in the present-day western Shandong and eastern Henan areas.

The ancients said: "Among the eight tones, strings are the most important, and the qin is the first." "Among all instruments, the qin has the best virtue." The word "qin" refers to the guqin. "The harp player relies on the sounds of heaven and earth", "connects the gods and scares ghosts and gods", "therefore the gourd plays the harp, the birds gather together, and the fish come out to listen; the teacher Kuang plays the harp, the six horses raise their heads, and the black crane stretches its neck"... ...Almost all stories about music in ancient times come from the guqin. Guqin also has extremely broad artistic expression. It is clear, simple, round and full of penetration and texture, so its expression realm is very broad: the subtle and distant "Goose Falling on the Sand", the elegant and pure "Three Plum Blossoms" "Nong", the leisurely and soothing "Qiao Qiao Qiao", the strong and harsh "Guangling San", the sad and sad "Nagato Resentment", the majestic "Flowing Water", there is almost nothing that the guqin cannot express.

There are seven strings on the piano surface, from thick to thin, arranged in a pentatonic scale from outside to inside. Thirteen piano emblems are also embedded on the surface of the piano to identify the phonetic positions on the strings. During performance, the right-hand plucked strings have three tone changes: loose, pan, and pressed. The scattered sound is pronounced with open strings, and its sound is strong and deep. The overtone is to touch the emblem lightly with your left hand to produce a light and fluttering sound. The pressing sound is produced by pressing the strings with the left hand. Moving the pressing finger can change the pitch and play glide, vibrato or other decorative sounds. In addition, it can also play intervals such as unison, octave, and fifth. There are so many documented records and spreads about Guqin that it is a treasure of ancient Chinese music.

Xun is a wind instrument made of clay in ancient times. It is round or oval in shape and has six holes. Xun originated from the labor and production activities of the Han ancestors. It was probably made by the ancestors by imitating the sounds of birds and animals to trap prey. Later, with the progress of society, it evolved into a simple musical instrument, and gradually added sound holes, and developed into a melody instrument that can play tunes.

Initially, Xun was mostly made of stone and bone, and later developed into pottery, with various shapes, such as oblate, oval, spherical, fish-shaped, pear-shaped, etc., among which pear-shaped is the most common. The upper end of the xun has a mouthpiece, the bottom is flat, and the side wall has a sound hole. Xun has gone through a long stage. About four to five thousand years ago, Xun developed from one sound hole to two sound holes and could blow three tones.

An ancient wind instrument shaped like a pear and made of clay. It first appeared about 7,000 years ago, and most of them had two-tone holes and three-tone holes. By the Yin and Shang Dynasties, the five-tone hole pottery xun could play the seven-note scale and some semitones, and the pronunciation was simple, mellow and tragic.

Sheng, known as Lusha in ancient times, is a reed wind instrument originating from ancient times. It is the earliest instrument in the world to use free reeds. It produces sound through the reeds in each pipe. It is the only harmonic instrument among wind instruments and the only one that can blow. Musical instruments that absorb sound have clear and translucent timbre, wide range and strong appeal. In traditional instrumental music and Kunqu opera, the sheng is often used as an accompaniment to other wind instruments such as flutes and suona, adding pure fourths or pure fifths to the melody. In modern Chinese orchestras, the sheng can play the role of melody or accompaniment.

Drums, that goes without saying. It appeared relatively early. Judging from the unearthed cultural relics discovered today, it can be determined that the drum has a history of about 4,500 years. In ancient times, drums were not only used for sacrifices, music and dance, but also for attacking enemies, driving away wild beasts, and as tools for telling time and calling the police. With the development of society, drums are used in a wider range of applications. National bands, various dramas, folk arts, singing and dancing, boat races and lion dances, festive gatherings, labor competitions, etc. are all inseparable from drum instruments. The structure of the drum is relatively simple, consisting of two parts: the drum skin and the drum body. The drum skin is the sounding body of the drum. It is usually covered with animal leather on the drum frame, and is struck or slapped to vibrate and produce sound. There are many types of Chinese drum instruments, including waist drum, big drum, tong drum, flower pot drum, etc.

The so-called "gu, qin and harp" in ancient literature means that before the harp and harp are played, there is the sound of drums as a guide. The cultural connotation of drums is broad and profound. The majestic sound of drums closely accompanies human beings, and the ancient wilderness is moving towards civilization step by step.

It can be said that this design is very clever and very refreshing.

After Qin Feng carefully studied it, he directly selected it.

"Yes, this design is good!" Zhang Fuyin and others expressed their approval.

They were also very interested in the design at the time.

However, this design pattern is good, but it is difficult to create, very expensive, and takes up a lot of space.

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