Chapter 601 Terrifying Graphene

The term graphene is not uncommon to most people, and many people know that it has great properties.

But how exactly, most people can't tell.

Just talking about its mechanical properties, the theoretical Young's modulus is 1.0TPa, and the inherent tensile strength is 130GPa.

What is the concept?

The size of Young's modulus marks the rigidity of the material, and the larger the Young's modulus, the less likely it is to deform. It is the modulus of elasticity in the longitudinal direction (different from horizontal and other directions), and is a type of modulus of elasticity.

The elastic modulus of carbon steel is 196-206GPa, aluminum is 68GPa, glass is 55GPa, longitudinal grain wood is 9.8-12GPa, and transverse wood is about 0.5-0.98GPa.

From the comparison of these data, it can be seen that graphene is about 5 times that of carbon steel (1T=1024G).

But its inherent tensile strength reaches 130GPA, which is about 350 times that of our common carbon steel material Q235B, which is terrifying.

Of course, if it's just that, it's not uncommon.

For example, the elastic modulus of glass is much worse than that of carbon steel, but the toughness of glass is not good.

Graphene has very good toughness and can be bent, that is, it has flexibility.

There is a perception in the field of metal materials that the greater the tensile strength, the greater the hardness and the poorer the toughness, that is, the more brittle it is.

Graphene is not a metal material. It is graphite in essence. It is very hard, but its toughness is not bad.

Therefore, it has attracted the attention of the scientific community.

Then, if it can be mass-produced, this mechanical property alone will be widely used.

The scientist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics once compared its strength like this: a hammock made of single-layer graphene can carry a weight of 4Kg.

In this way, it can be estimated that if multiple layers of graphene are stacked together so that the thickness is the same as that of food preservation film, it can carry a 2-ton car.

The thickness of a layer of plastic wrap is about 0.01 mm. According to this ratio, it can be estimated that the single-layer graphene is about 0.00002 mm, which is 2/100,000 mm.

In fact, single-layer graphene is much thinner.

In fact, graphene is stacked layer by layer to form graphite.

It's just that the graphene in graphite is not connected together, and it is not woven into a network.

In terms of other properties, the melting point is about 3850°C, which is 500°C higher than that of diamond, which shows its stability. If the melting point is only a few hundred degrees Celsius, such as aluminum, it cannot be used at high temperatures. This performance is very important.

Coupled with the low density, superior electrical conductivity, etc., there are many fields of application.

However, it is very difficult to manufacture, and it is currently only active in the laboratory and has no practical application.

Xinghai Group has a scientific research team of about 20 people, and has invested 100 million yuan in scientific research funds (including personnel costs), which can be extracted in the laboratory. Although the level is world-class, it still cannot be mass-produced.

There are quite a few such scientific research project teams in the Xinghai Group, and the achievements made so far are limited to the laboratory and cannot be mass-produced.

Mu Yang intends to develop it, which is mainly used in supercomputers and flexible materials.

In terms of graphene batteries, it has an advantage. It solves the problem of long charging time of new energy batteries. The charging efficiency can reach 100 times that of lithium batteries, and the charging cycle exceeds 50,000 times. At the same time, it also avoids the risk of fire during puncture and impact. And there is no need to use metals such as cobalt and nickel.

However, in terms of energy density, it is relatively poor. According to the current laboratory theories of various countries, it is about 65 Wh per kilogram, which is only a quarter of the energy density of Xinghai Group's ternary lithium battery.

Of course, such energy density cannot be used in new energy batteries. Customers would rather charge longer, but if the energy density problem can be solved, close to the ternary lithium battery, and the cost is low, then there will be a market in the field of new energy vehicles.

Otherwise, it is tasteless.

It is difficult to mass-produce graphene, and it is impossible to think of low cost.

Therefore, Mu Yang didn't expect to make any graphene batteries. If he has the energy, he might as well continue to increase the battery capacity of the ternary lithium battery. After all, Xinghai Group is already a leading company in this industry and has also purchased a large amount of raw materials.

But in any case, the special mechanical properties of graphene make it widely used.

For aerospace, many devices can be lightened.

Can be applied to bulletproof vehicles to make vehicles lighter;

It can also be applied to fighter jets, warships, tanks, and body armor, with stronger strength and overall lighter weight.

Mu Yang opened the achievement point store, searched for graphene-related manufacturing technologies, and asked for mass-produced ones.

Dozens of technologies quickly emerged, including single-layer graphene and multi-layer graphene technologies.

Since there is multi-layer graphene manufacturing technology, Mu Yang is more inclined to this. After all, single-layer graphene is too thin, and if it is really put into use, it still needs to be superimposed.

Photons can pass through the atoms of graphene, as long as it is not very thick, it can be said to be a transparent material.

For example, it can be superimposed with cloth and nylon to make bulletproof vests, light bulletproof helmets and other tools with good toughness, such as an umbrella, which can also be used to block bullets, and can also be used to make very strong flexible curved screens. Bulletproof glass has too many uses.

At present, there are many methods for preparing graphene, such as mechanical exfoliation method, redox method, epitaxy method, silicon carbide epitaxy method, Hemmer method, chemical vapor deposition method, etc.

Most of the preparation methods in the store are very similar to the silicon carbide epitaxy method, called silicon carbide deposition method.

It also shows that other preparation methods cannot go through mass production.

The silicon carbide stacking method is to sublimate silicon atoms from the material in an ultra-high vacuum high-temperature environment, and the remaining C atoms are restructured by self-assembly to obtain graphene based on SiC substrates.

You can have as many layers as you want, and you can also lay them together like ten or one hundred layers.

This method can obtain high-quality graphene, but this method requires high equipment.

Some are similar to the metal 3D additive process manufacturing method, which can control the size and any shape.

Mu Yang browsed through the technology introductions one by one, and chose a technology that was more suitable for the company.

There is a lot of demand for achievement points, as high as 1000 points, which makes Mu Yang feel a little bit pained.

"Definitely buy!"

After more than ten minutes, Mu Yang absorbed the [silicon carbide deposition method] technology and had a deeper understanding of it.

According to the technical introduction, the basic equipment is somewhat similar to metal 3D additive equipment, but it needs to be manufactured in a vacuum and ultra-high temperature environment.

This kind of manufacturing requirements, even if energy production, the cost will not be low.

Compared with the cost of one gram in the laboratory as high as thousands of yuan, it must be much cheaper.

The manufacturing cost of a piece of equipment is about 50 million yuan, and it can produce 10 kilograms per hour. The energy consumption is mainly electricity. The power of this kind of equipment is hundreds of kilowatts, and the electricity cost is hundreds of yuan per hour.

Roughly estimated, the production cost of one kilogram of graphene is about several hundred yuan, which Mu Yang thinks is very cheap.

After all, graphene materials are to be mixed with other materials. For example, to make body armor, each layer of cloth is doped with a thin layer of graphene. The strength is equivalent to a 3.5 mm thick ordinary steel plate and a 1 mm high strength plate.

Therefore, if it is used as body armor, graphene with a thickness of 10 wires is enough to prevent AK47 from being broken within ten minutes.

If a set of body armor uses 1 square meter of graphene with a thickness of 10 filaments and a density of 2-2.3 g/cm3, the mass is only 200-230 grams, and the cost of graphene raw materials is only a few hundred dollars.

If it is used on bulletproof vehicles, laid on glass and wagons, only a few kilograms of graphene is needed, which can reduce hundreds of kilograms or even tons of protective armor plates.

If it is switched to a tank, the weight reduction will be even more.

Graphene is of great significance to light weight.

Spending 1000 achievement points is not in vain.

The more Mu Yang understood its performance and function, the more pleasantly surprised he was, and he looked forward to developing it.

In the next few days, Mu Yang spent a lot of time exporting graphene equipment information, convened high-level and strategy department personnel, announced that he would enter the graphene project, and listed it as the company's core project.

"Chairman, has the graphene we developed made significant progress?" A strategic expert asked curiously.

"There is a big breakthrough in theory, and we need to develop relevant equipment to verify it. Maybe we can achieve mass production." Mu Yang roughly revealed.

When everyone heard the chairman's affirmation, there was probably a big breakthrough, and everyone's face showed surprise.

Everyone knows about graphene and knows that it is very useful.

"Calling everyone for a meeting is to announce this matter. Next, I will preside over the scientific research work in this area." Mu Yang continued. Next, he gave a general overview of the plan. Zhou Chen will arrange and organize relevant personnel. The current project team members are Not enough to call.

The computer was infected with a virus by my wife, and I was tossing all night