Chapter 815 Reform

How can we improve administrative efficiency and take into account fairness and integrity?

A big problem in the current administration is that everything needs to be reported to the superiors for instructions, for fear of taking responsibility for making decisions on their own.

Small matters at the local level need to be reported to senior provincial officials, slightly larger matters need to be discussed by the cabinet, and important matters, without exception, need Wu Changqing to look over.

This made Wu Changqing and the cabinet very busy, and there were endless things to deal with.

However, if you don't do this, you can't do it. If you can make your own decisions without asking the people below, then the people below will easily mess up.

To solve this problem, the only way is to change from the rule of man to the rule of law, so that all the behaviors of officials can be governed by the law.

Formulate a general legal outline similar to the constitution, so that when officials do things, they can follow the rules of the constitution.

As long as it does not violate the Constitution, it will not exceed the guidelines.

With the constitution, officials below do not need to ask their superiors for instructions on everything, which can save decision-making time and reduce the burden on their superiors.

Wu Changqing was not a statesman or even a member of the system in his previous life, so his understanding of the system was very limited and shallow.

This reform of his is more based on his own understanding and thinking, combined with the current situation of Dahua, and the results are a bit nondescript.

Wu Changqing first stripped the Court of Justice from the cabinet and changed its name to the Supreme Judicial Yuan.

There are three departments under its jurisdiction, the Supreme Court, the Procuratorate, and the Ministry of Public Security.

Actual functions include adjudication, law enforcement and surveillance.

In the future, the Judicial Yuan was an independent system, not subordinate to the cabinet and directly responsible to the emperor.

Of course, in the future, the justices of the Judicial Yuan will no longer be allowed to enter the cabinet and participate in decision-making and government affairs as before.

This undoubtedly improves the status of the Judicial Yuan. In a system dominated by the legal system, they who have the judicial power, to a certain extent, are even above the cabinet.

The court is a judicial organ, and the Supreme Court is the provincial court and county court, and they are in the relationship of mutual supervision.

If the prisoner is dissatisfied with the trial of the county-level court and suspects that the county-level court has not made a judgment in accordance with the law, he can appeal to the provincial court.

In theory, this can be done, but Dahua's current legal concept is still relatively weak.

After ordinary people are tried, it is estimated that few people have the courage to appeal.

This one is more like serving those literate and knowledgeable upper classes.

The procuratorate has more functions, but the most important one should be the supervision of the court, and the supervising court must make judgments in accordance with the law.

As for the Ministry of Public Security, it is a specific law enforcement department.

As a feudal empire, there is no House of Representatives in the upper house of Dahua, nor a people's congress. Therefore, the legislative power is basically in the hands of Wu Changqing alone.

He intends to temporarily form a legislative group to improve Dahua's laws.

Legislation is almost a one-time task. Once you get it done, you only need to tinker with it in the future.

But no matter what, the legislative power is always in his hands, and this power alone is infinite.

The reformed cabinet is about equal to the State Council of later generations, and its status has declined compared to the previous one.

The judiciary is no longer under their control, and they can still supervise them, and the military is not under their control, so they can be checked and balanced. Even the spy agencies controlled by the eunuchs are not under their control.

In short, there are more places that the Cabinet cannot manage.

However, the cabinet is still the most important institution in Dahua, which is responsible for the decision-making and implementation of national government affairs.

There are sixteen departments in the cabinet.

They are the Ministry of Personnel, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Rites, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of War, the Ministry of Industrial Development, the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Commerce, the United Overseas Bank, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of National Security, the Ministry of Audit, and the Ministry of Human Resources and Ministry of Social Security, Ministry of Science and Technology Development.

Among them, the personnel department has not changed much, and it is still responsible for the evaluation and appointment of officials in the administrative department.

The Ministry of Rites was split into three parts, Foreign Affairs, Education, and the Ministry of Rites.

The remaining Ministry of Rites, in fact, still has great powers, and needs to be responsible for handling ethnic relations, the education of social morality and etiquette, the management of cultural and sports undertakings, and so on.

The ethnic relationship alone is extremely important.

As Dahua conquered more and more places, there were more and more ethnic groups within its jurisdiction. How to deal with each other's relationship is a big problem.

The importance of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has also been increased, as has the Ministry of Education.

Especially in education, they still have a lot to do next, and they need to continue to reform the imperial examination system.

The imperial examination should be split into the civil service examination and the ordinary college entrance examination system.

The civil service examination is to select officials, while the college entrance examination is to cultivate all kinds of talents. There is no need for all candidates to try to become officials. With the popularization of education, there are more and more scholars, and there are not so many official positions in the world.

On the contrary, there is an urgent shortage of talents in other fields in this society.

The Ministry of Household was also split into the Ministry of Rural Agriculture, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Land and Resources, and the Ministry of Audit.

In the past, the Ministry of Household had too many things to manage, and the Ministry of Household had a reason to intervene in everything.

With the development of Dahua, the importance of some tasks has begun to become prominent, and it is no longer suitable to continue to belong to the Ministry of households.

For example, the Ministry of Finance, which is in charge of national taxation, is more important than the Ministry of War when taken out alone.

Another example is the audit department.

As the process of industrialization accelerates, data statistics become very important. The formulation of many plans requires data to support.

With the extensive use of various mineral resources, the importance of land resources is no longer suitable for hanging under the Ministry of Household.

The Ministry of War is still the Ministry of War, the name has not changed, but the specific functions have changed.

In the future, the Ministry of War will only be responsible for one thing, the management of retired soldiers.

If Dahua wants to implement the compulsory military service system in the future, the Ministry of War will also need to worry about it.

However, this is basically impossible. Dahua soldiers are paid much higher than ordinary workers, and there is hope for promotion. Now they are all rushing to join the army.

What's more, Dahua currently has no strong enemies, and does not need to perform compulsory military service in such a big battle.

The Ministry of Industry has not changed much. Although the Ministry of Industry is very important, it is no longer suitable for splitting.

The Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Communications have not changed much, except that they used to be one of the nine departments, but now they have become one of the sixteen departments, and there are many institutions at the same level as them.

Therefore, their status is equivalent to a decline.

In the past, the place of Shangshu was very noble, but now the number of ministers has greatly increased. Although it is equivalent to the Shangshu in terms of rank, it is definitely not as valuable as the previous Shangshu.

In addition to the splitting of these departments, some departments have been added to the cabinet.

Such as the Ministry of National Security, the Ministry of Human Resources Security, the Ministry of Science and Technology Development, etc.

Of course, what attracts the most attention is actually the addition of a United Overseas Bank.