Chapter 393 Penicillin

After discussing with Ambassadors Winster and Crete, Arthur made a very generous decision to provide 200,000 reinforcements to France within three months, and in the following war, at least 200,000 combat troops would be transported to Europe every year. , to relieve the pressure on the British and French coalition forces.

This also means that Australasia will send at least one million expeditionary troops in this war, and the contribution is not insignificant, at least that's what Arthur thinks.

In order to make up for Australasia's huge contribution, Australasia will receive priority in selecting some of Germany's industrial equipment, technology and technology.

It plays a vital role in making up for some of Australasia's industrial base. Using the achievements of Germany's development over the past few decades can directly bring Australasia's heritage to a higher level.

In order to express his sincerity, after the two representatives left, Arthur called Defense Minister Raul and ordered the Ministry of National Defense to immediately start recruiting new indigenous soldiers and train at least 200,000 combat troops within two months. Then transported to the European battlefield.

Of course, going to the battlefield is also a way to temper soldiers. Therefore, these indigenous soldiers do not need to undergo too rigorous training. They only need to be proficient in using weapons and be able to obey the commander's orders.

Anyway, what the European battlefield needs is cannon fodder, not elite soldiers. No matter how elite the soldiers are, they will have to pay huge casualties in the face of a protracted war of attrition.

In this case, enough cannon fodder becomes particularly important. The biggest role of the 200,000 indigenous troops in Australasia is to replace the British and French allied forces to die, using human lives to fill the Allied Powers' weakness in the combat effectiveness of their soldiers.

This also means that all the indigenous troops sent by Australasia, including the 200,000 indigenous troops, will face very serious casualties.

But Arthur didn't feel bad either. For Australasia, the casualties of millions of indigenous people are nothing, but beneficial to the development of the country.

It is also a good thing that the indigenous people in Australasia have been exhausted. At least it can save the government enough energy and no longer have to waste time transferring these indigenous people.

Of course, the indigenous people in Australasia are not endless, and they are likely to be exhausted in such a tragic war of attrition.

But Arthur didn't panic. Because of its Australasian neighbor, the Dutch East Indies had tens of millions of indigenous people.

If there is really a shortage of local people, the worst case scenario is to ask neighbors to borrow them. Anyway, the Dutch in the Dutch East Indies had no say, this land had to listen to the Australasians.

This is probably the tragedy of small and weak countries. Although the Dutch East Indies is the most important colony of the Netherlands, this area was previously surrounded by the colonies of the British Empire, and now it is too close to Australasia, one of the great powers, and it is impossible to gain much autonomy.

To put it bluntly, Australasia even has the ability to occupy the entire Dutch East Indies at any time. Just relying on its relationship with Britain and Russia, the Dutch can only break their teeth and swallow it in their stomachs without even daring to fart.

This is also the truth of the current society and even of this world since ancient times.

The strong make the truth and the weak abide by the truth.

Unless we have the confidence to challenge the strong, led by Britain, like Germany, the world order will never be broken, and the weak will always be weak.

The 200,000 indigenous troops are just an episode. For Arthur, no matter how many indigenous people there are, they are just cannon fodder.

As long as Arthur was willing, with the population of the Dutch East Indies, there would be no problem in forming an army of millions of indigenous people.

However, the stability and combat capabilities of such an army are all problems, and it is destined to become cannon fodder.

Fortunately, the current battlefield in France only needs cannon fodder. It is no coincidence that Australasia has more channels for making contributions, and these indigenous people also have more ways to contribute to the world.

As for the resettlement of the indigenous people killed and injured in the war, Arthur generously said that it could be left to Britain and France to handle it themselves.

Those who were not seriously injured were treated and continued on the battlefield. Those who died were buried on the spot. Tens of thousands of people could only be buried in a big pit.

Of course, after all, they are contributing to the Australasian government. For all the indigenous people who died in the war, Arthur would also fulfill his promise to give freedom to their families.

The family members of all Aboriginal people who died in the war will receive a sum of money sufficient to allow them to travel to other areas, and will be escorted by a fleet organized by the Australasian government to Southeast Asia or Africa.

Don't even think about taking Australasian citizenship. Yellow people can, but Arthur has no idea of ​​accepting black people.

Of course, this is not racial discrimination, it’s just that Arthur simply hates chocolate.

After all, the few East Asian immigrants are living well in Australasia. Isn't this a testament to Arthur's equal treatment of every race?

As for chocolate, I’m sorry, isn’t that a specialty of African gorillas? Australasia does not have the habit of eating monkey brains and does not welcome gorillas.

In addition to the training of the indigenous army, the pharmaceutical group established by the royal consortium received news that Arthur was very interested in.

The Pharmaceutical Group was specially established by Arthur before World War I and was responsible for the scientific research, manufacturing and talent training of all medicine and drugs.

And this news came from the biological research laboratory of the pharmaceutical group, a place that Arthur spent a lot of money to build.

The head of the Biological Research Laboratory is Alexander Fleming, a biologist in his early 30s and a British-Australasian.

Four years ago, Fleming and his mentor Wright were invited to Australasia and became an honorary professor of biology at the then Australasia National University to conduct research in biochemistry.

Arthur has never forgotten the expert who discovered penicillin. After the establishment of the pharmaceutical group, Arthur asked Kent, the housekeeper, to immediately hire Fleming as the exclusive head of the largest biological research laboratory under the pharmaceutical group to engage in research on immune drugs.

This research direction, like his mentor Wright, is also Fleming's current specialty.

Penicillin is a drug of great significance to mankind, and Arthur has done some research on the history of its discovery.

If Arthur remembers correctly, there are too many coincidences in the discovery of penicillin. Time, temperature, and culture environment are all important factors.

However, Arthur remembered the discovery process of lysozyme. After reminding Fleming, he asked Fleming to conduct research from the direction of antibacterial and immune, and prevention of wound infection, and to create a vaccine or drug to reduce the current risk of wound infection.

In order to speed up the research and development of penicillin, Arthur's investment is not small.

Since the discovery of penicillin was too coincidental, the number of experiments was expanded to promote the coincidence of penicillin discovery.

For Fleming's research, so far, in four years, Arthur has invested more than 4 million Australian dollars, hundreds of biological experts and professors, and hundreds of biological researchers have conducted a large number of experiments and research.

Hard work pays off. On January 9, 1915, Arthur finally received the news that Fleming had discovered penicillin.

The research on penicillin can be said to be full of twists and turns. First, lysozyme needs to be discovered. Fortunately, Arthur remembered the discovery process of lysozyme more clearly, so he had discovered lysozyme more than three years ago.

But lysozyme is still a long way from penicillin. After three years of research, penicillin was finally discovered on the basis of a large number of experiments.

The discovery of penicillin must be guaranteed by multiple conditions. First, there must be unknown Penicillium spores falling into the culture medium of Staphylococcus.

Second, the culture medium should be placed at room temperature, not the 37 degrees Celsius environment that is most suitable for the growth of Staphylococcus.

Third, the climate of Australasia. It is worth mentioning that in early December, when Australasia appeared, the climate was not hot, and it was even very cool, so it was very suitable for Penicillium to grow and mature first and produce penicillin.

When it came to mid-to-late December, the temperature had risen significantly, which was more suitable for the rapid growth of Staphylococcus, which caused the lysis phenomenon in the culture medium, prompting Fleming to discover penicillin in the culture medium, which was also the culprit of the lysis phenomenon.

After Arthur rushed to the laboratory of the pharmaceutical group, Fleming was still conducting his own research at this time.

Fleming's character was a down-to-earth, silent, and unpretentious person.

Even though he had completed Arthur's task and discovered penicillin, he did not show excessive joy, but continued to immerse himself in his own research.

Arthur did not disturb Fleming's research, but watched Fleming's operation with interest.

After a long time, Fleming finished the operation and was about to take off his gloves to wash his hands. He found Arthur not far behind him, and he stood up and greeted him.

"It's okay, Mr. Fleming, continue your research. Your contribution to the discovery of penicillin this time is great. After penicillin can be completely separated and purified, everyone in the laboratory will have made great contributions. Mr. Fleming, please work hard for a while. When penicillin can be mass-produced, I will personally celebrate for you and all the experts in the laboratory!" Arthur waved his hand, stopped Fleming's salute, and said with a smile.

In the original history, it took more than ten years from the discovery of penicillin to its official use.

This is certainly because Fleming did not take the role of penicillin seriously, so he did not conduct a lot of research, and it was also difficult to separate and purify penicillin.

Scientific research requires not only sufficient ability, but also a little bit of luck.

The discovery of penicillin was a coincidence, and the purification of penicillin was actually the result of the dual contribution of effort and coincidence.

The separation and purification of penicillin requires about several steps. First, isolate the strains and increase the yield of penicillin.

Second, extract penicillin crystals, find molds that can provide more penicillin, and develop culture fluids that can produce penicillin.

By preparing culture fluids, penicillin can be produced in large quantities. With a large number of penicillin, a large amount of penicillin can be purified, which can promote the mass production of penicillin.

In terms of the application of penicillin, Fleming also plans to start detailed research.

At present, it can be confirmed that penicillin has a good antibacterial effect. However, for wound infections and various bacterial infections, a lot of experiments are needed to ensure that penicillin will not cause too much harm to the human body and can be used as a drug and officially put into commercial use.

Although Arthur knows that this is a drug that will change a lot for humans, he cannot make a decision without sufficient convincing experimental results.

Anyway, the casualties in Australasia are not large at present, and the demand for mass production of penicillin is not that high.

Now that penicillin has been discovered, it is not that difficult to purify and mass produce it.

With the royal consortium spending a lot of money, it is not difficult to speed up the mass production of penicillin.

Arthur is now thinking about what reward to give Fleming.

A Victoria Medal is definitely indispensable. This medal often represents the title of honorary knight and an annual subsidy of 5,200 Australian dollars.

In addition to a reward of 500,000 Australian dollars, a villa in the center of Sydney, and an improvement in job benefits, this is almost the reward Arthur planned to give Fleming.

Don't underestimate this Victoria Medal. This is the first time that Arthur has awarded the Victoria Medal to the public since the medal was issued. It is enough to show how difficult it is to obtain the Victoria Medal.

In fact, it has always been Arthur's plan to improve the specifications of the three medals and ensure the gold content of the three medals.

So far, let alone the Victoria Medal, including the Royal Knight Medal and the National Medal of Australasia, all the people who have received medals can be counted on one hand.

So far, only three people have received the title of honorary knight.

In addition to the first prime minister Evan, who made great contributions, there are also the commanders of the 1st and 2nd divisions, Sir Silvio and Sir Felitz, who were awarded by Arthur when he wanted to quickly establish a military-industrial system in the Australasian army.

This also means that Fleming is likely to become the fourth knight of Australasia and join the aristocratic system of Australasia.

Of course, the aristocratic system of Australasia is likely to expand after World War I.

After all, the interests of the nobles are consistent with those of the monarch. Only with more aristocratic classes can the interests of Arthur and the royal family be guaranteed.

Especially these new nobles who were personally enfeoffed by Arthur, if they want to maintain their rights, they must support Arthur's rule.

With Arthur's support, their rights and status can be maintained in Australasia.

This is different from those traditional European nobles. The new nobles of Australasia are just nobles with empty titles, without actual fiefs, and without any army.

And because they are new nobles, they don't have any foundation. The only way they can maintain their rights and status is to unite under Arthur's rule and protect the monarchy of Australasia.

After all, if the monarchy of Australasia is gone, these nobles granted by Arthur will naturally disappear.

Nobles can never be independent of the monarch. After all, the monarch is the greatest noble and the representative of all nobles.

In order to win over all nobles, although the new nobles of Australasia do not have any territory, they can receive a sum of money from the royal family every year according to the level of their titles. (Honorary knights can receive 3 times the average annual income of that year)

If the noble level is high enough, they can also obtain a small area of ​​land awarded by Arthur to build their own private manors and castles.

This also leads to the fact that although the new nobles of Australasia do not have their own territory, as long as they are obedient and know how to maintain the interests of the royal family, they can live well, at least being a rich man is no problem.

Arthur also plans to establish a joint consortium among the nobles. The royal consortium will give up part of its interests every year and distribute them to some great nobles to completely win over the noble class of Australasia.

Of course, this is still far away for Australia at present. After all, there are no great nobles in Australasia (except Arthur), only three honorary knights, and there is no need to form a noble consortium.

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