Chapter 2039 The Modern Apprenticeship System
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In the era of mechanization, workers are well trained. As long as the machine is operated strictly according to the requirements, the products can be proficiently produced in a few months. For some low-tech items, you can learn to make them with machines in a few days.
But in the era of handicraft industry, it is difficult to learn the skills of craftsmen in a short time. Therefore, in this era, the 7-year apprenticeship system was generally popular in European handicraft industries. However, in the first three years of being an apprentice, you are basically learning about various rules and basic common sense in the industry, and it is difficult to get started. Moreover, it is necessary to provide various labor services for the master free of charge. Three years later, there is a chance to strike. Then, in the last two years, I will complete the work independently.
Such a long time is not bad. Because, in this way, qualified craftsmen can indeed be trained. Long-term training is conducive to the full improvement of technology.
Even in modern times, manufacturing powerhouses such as Germany have picked up the apprenticeship system again. However, there has been a change. It is no longer a one-on-one master apprenticeship, but a joint training system between schools and enterprises. Specifically, the school teaches basic theoretical knowledge (this is something that masters with apprentices have nothing to teach, and they may not be able to teach well), while factories will arrange old craftsmen to guide apprentices in practice...
In fact, this is somewhat similar to the intern system, but it is more perfect and reasonable than the intern system. Learning technology is not achieved overnight, it requires long-term practice. Therefore, the internship system of the Anglo-American department in later generations, especially the internship system introduced to China, is more like a formality. A three-month internship, and then I can't wait to start working...some even don't have a three-month internship...
It is conceivable that it is difficult for skilled workers trained in this way to improve their technical foundation. Because there is no modern apprenticeship system, most of the skilled workers in Huaxia factories are more like migrant workers, dispensable. Then, the manufactured product is really so-so. And those skilled people often have to ponder the skills of their profession for a long time after they become regulars. Without a master, often even if you work hard, you have to be in your 30s before your skills can be regarded as passable. Then, in his forties, he became a master chef and became popular and sought after.
But this is a bit of quick success and instant benefit. Skills are honed out slowly, not overnight. That is to say, there are more CNC machine tools in later generations, so the technical requirements are lowered a lot. However, assembly and maintenance still require manual operation, which is a test of personal skills.
The same parts are given to you, a qualified mechanic trained by the modern apprenticeship system, and the assembled car is better than the mechanic trained by your vocational school. What is strong is nothing but the details.
But our later generations seem to have introduced the Anglo-American school training system, that is, the technical school training system. But the school mostly teaches students the theoretical basis. When it comes to practice, teachers in vocational schools are much worse than those masters who have worked for decades, although the two are the opposite in terms of theory.
...
at the moment,
Marin, the North Sea country, intends to implement the modern apprenticeship system of later generations in Germany and Northern Europe. The specific method is to let the children learn theoretical knowledge at school first. Then, after entering the factory, look for skilled craftsmen to take apprentices.
Of course, it is not for nothing that old craftsmen bring apprentices. In many factories in China in later generations, old workers are not motivated to lead apprentices, why? No good! It also affects their own production efficiency. You know, later it was a piecework system. I stopped to teach you a little kid, and I just smoked a few cigarettes and gave you a few packs of gifts during the Chinese New Year, but it will affect my money!
For this reason, Marin stipulates that within three years after the factory apprentices leave the teacher, 30% of their wages will be used to honor the master. In this way, the master has the motivation to lead the apprentice. One apprentice is 30% of the three-year salary, and five apprentices are 150% of the three-year salary...
The wool comes from the sheep (apprentices), and the factory owner is not losing money anyway. The apprentices themselves are not at a loss. After learning the real skills, they will be the best jobs in the future...
But this set was not suitable for the later Huaxia. why? Because later generations are young and job-hopping too frequently. It was so easy to teach you, and I waited to receive your benefits, but the brat resigned and switched jobs... The master will be depressed and vomit blood...
This is not bad. Some young people resigned within a few days after entering the factory, and then changed jobs in various ways. They couldn't settle down to learn a technology at all. I have worked for many years, but I am still a migrant worker, not a technician.
But in this day and age, there is no such concern. Because, people in this era are not so easy to change jobs. Even casual job hopping would be considered a problem with character.
...
The seven-year apprenticeship system currently popular in Europe is actually the core of this. It's just that the basic theoretical education is also done by the teacher. But many masters can do it, so they don't necessarily make sense. Therefore, this training model is not scientific enough, and it will take longer. For example, in the old-fashioned seven-year apprenticeship system, in the first three years, the apprentice can only watch and listen while the master is working. The master will explain and give some pointers when he is free and in a good mood. If you get busy or are in a bad mood, you don't even bother to explain and give pointers. If you don't understand, you might beat and scold the apprentice. For example, if you are a carpenter, if you are a grumpy master, if you don’t understand what you say, or if you are distracted, you may get angry and grab whatever you want. If it's an ax and chisel... Well, count yourself unlucky... What? Parents have opinions? Well, get out! Take your cub home, I won't teach you anymore!
The most depressing thing is that sometimes it is not necessarily the apprentice's fault, but the master's inability to teach. But the master got anxious, because the apprentice is stupid, otherwise you should stop learning...you still dare not refute...
Therefore, modern apprenticeship is better. Let the children learn basic theoretical knowledge at school first, and then receive practical education from the master after they have learned it well. With sufficient theoretical knowledge support, it is easier to keep up with the master's rhythm. As for not learning the theory well, he will not be able to graduate...
...
In fact, before Marin used the artisan school as a cover to promote universal basic education. But now, Marin feels that the artisan school seems to be really useful!
Therefore, after elementary school, in addition to recruiting some good grades to continue to junior high school, Marin also set up a craftsman basic class, which taught the basic theoretical knowledge of craftsmen. Moreover, the teacher who can teach his apprentices will come to sit in the town and teach the children the basic theory. For this reason, Marin is willing to pay a lot of salary...
Those students who were eliminated after junior high school can still learn the basic knowledge of craftsmen. However, junior high school students have a higher level and learn more advanced skills. For example, the eliminated students after graduating from primary school can only learn the theoretical knowledge of less demanding skills such as carpenter, mason, baker, etc., and then they will become such craftsmen. But children who graduate from junior high school will be arranged to learn the basic theoretical knowledge of clocks and watches, mechanical production and maintenance, and then become apprentices...
...
However, this time it was used as "krypton gold" for brass products traded with the Aztec Empire, and Marin had no time to slowly train coppersmiths. After all, according to tradition, it takes 7 years to train a traditional coppersmith. Moreover, Marin is also in urgent need of money, and urgently needs to produce brass products as soon as possible.
Therefore, this time, Marin intends to directly hire a group of coppersmiths in Germany, Italy and other places to help them create brass utensils and ornaments for trade with the Aztec Empire.
In fact, Marin can provide brass directly, and outsource the creation of utensils and ornaments to coppersmiths from all over Germany and Italy. But brass is still exclusively owned by the North Sea country at present, and it is not available in other countries, and Marin is not willing to let it out.
Moreover, the North Sea State now uses brass to mint copper coins as the basic currency of the North Sea State. Marin was also afraid that these craftsmen would deduct the leftovers and use them to privately mint the brass coins of the Beihai Kingdom. So, simply recruit them to the factory in Beihai State, supply brass face to face, and let them make the required utensils and ornaments.
In addition, Marin also counted on these old craftsmen to bring some apprentices from Beihai. When the contract expires, even if these old coppersmiths return to their hometowns, the native apprentices they cultivated in the Beihai Kingdom will almost be able to take the lead. For this reason, Marin sent someone to sign a contract with them, and what they signed was the requirement to bring apprentices...
It's just that, for the coppersmith apprentices in Beihai, Marin plans to use the modern apprenticeship system to gather the apprentices first, learn the basic theoretical knowledge needed by coppersmiths at school, and then be assigned to the old coppersmiths and accept Hands-on training. Of course, when learning basic knowledge, it is also sent to the factory from time to time to consolidate the learning results in the stage to strengthen memory.
This is about the processing of brass products. As for glass craftsmen, Marin chose to outsource. After all, glass is not something unique to the North Sea country, it is produced in most countries in Western Europe. Of course, the most skilled must be Venice. Most of the Venetian glass craftsmen were concentrated in Murano Island.
Although Beihai has also built a few glass products factories, most of them are used to produce basic glass bottles for holding things. Only a few great craftsmen were arranged by Marin to produce lead glass with good light transmission for making telescopes.
Venice is better at producing colorful glass crafts. The colorful glass handicrafts are more popular among the native Americans and Africans.
Also, training one's own glass artisan practice is too long. And hiring it costs more than hiring a coppersmith. Therefore, Marin simply outsourced all glass products to workshops in Venice and other places, and he only needs to give samples and specification requirements, and let them follow suit.
But his own craftsmen still need to be trained, so Marin is now walking on two legs, while hiring craftsmen or outsourcing orders, while using the modern apprenticeship system to train his own craftsmen.
Even in the era of CNC machine tools in later generations, skilled craftsmen have no worries about food, let alone this era. Even in the era of industrialization, highly skilled craftsmen are needed. Just like the eighth-level technician in the 20th century, it is still a very important existence. Therefore, the modern apprenticeship system has greatly promoted industrial development. In later generations, Germany relied on the modern apprenticeship system (also called dual-track vocational training), making it difficult to surpass the quality of German manufacturing. Even in later generations of Germany, the dual-track vocational training system was written into the federal law, mandating that all companies must accept apprentices. In 2004, Germany uniformly required that, except for a small number of very small companies, all other companies must accept apprentices. Apprentices spend half of the week at school receiving cultural basic learning, and the other half of the time going to the company to practice skills, truly integrating the school and the company's production and learning.
The apprentices trained in this way, after three or four years, basically have a skill level that meets or even exceeds the "more than two years" work experience required by later generations of Huaxia. Once you graduate, you can work seamlessly without any adaptation period. As for Huaxia's vocational schools, hey, they don't match up with factories, and the schoolwork burden of students is not as heavy as that of universities. Then, just mess around. When there are no classes, many people either go out to play and surf the Internet, or hang out with killer hairstyles and hang out. When they graduate and enter the enterprise, the enterprise will find that some gangsters have been recruited... They have almost no skills, but their hearts are high, they always want to stand out, and they can't hold a job for three months... Of course, this is just some people. However, it also shows that our vocational education is really not doing well. If you need to spend a lot of time practicing and learning technology while studying every week, how can you have time to mess around. Not only vocational and technical schools are like this, but universities are actually similar. Students in school are either messing around or making waves. After graduation, I have no skills and can only hit a wall. However, people who have been trained through the modern apprenticeship system are comparable to those with more than 2 years of work experience, which is obviously not the same level.
Not to mention others, just Marin himself. In his previous life, he was also a mess in the university. He only wanted to pass the grade. He never thought about mastering any technology, and the university and the enterprise were out of touch. After graduating and working, I suddenly found that I didn't know anything. The teachers, on the other hand, combine production, study and research, and design for outside factories and get design fees. However, that has nothing to do with students. Even some teachers don't pay much attention to class. In addition to attending classes, students are surfing the Internet, engaging in clubs, and busy with love affairs. After four years, most of them are pure newcomers after entering the work unit. They are at a loss for work and have to learn everything...
Many people think that what they learned in college is useless, in fact, they just never combined it with practice. If you combine it with practice from the very beginning, you can learn technical knowledge while going to the enterprise to work and exercise yourself. Then, after four years, it will be a proper strength faction. Moreover, I am busy learning technical knowledge and practicing, and there is no practice to play around.
However, many people in later generations only focused on the world's number one A-Mei You Kan, and found that A-Mei You Kan was the same. In other words, this set of learning is what you read, Amei. So, they feel fine. However, they didn't see that Jiemen Country, which is not well-known, has the highest quality skilled workers in the world, and has the craftsman spirit we are after...
Well, it seems to be here. Marin looked at the map of Germany and decided in his heart-to start a modern apprenticeship system in Germany hundreds of years in advance, and let independent manufacturing enter the stage of history in advance...
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