Chapter 948 Amelia: Mentors Are Still Useful!

Although a round of collision experiments at the 50Tev energy level revealed some unusual traces of dark matter particles.

But this is far from enough for Xu Chuan and the theoretical physics community.

The confidence interval shows the true value of the parameter, which is the data that ultimately determines the fate. Before the Daritz diagram is made, no one dares to guarantee that they are 100% right.

However, for Xu Chuan, every additional verification and every additional unusual trace adds a bit of hope to verify his theory.

Especially the collision experiments in high-energy areas such as 75, 100, and 125Tev are what he is looking forward to.

Under high-energy collision experiments, the mysterious dark matter and dark energy may have more possibilities.

Just two days before the CRHPC organization conducted a new round of exploration around inert neutrinos and massive dark matter particles.

On the other side of the Pacific Ocean, the United States.

At the Weinberg Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of Texas, several professors in the field of astrophysics are gathering in a conference room to discuss and analyze the observation data projected on the screen.

"Haven't we already determined the research on the stars of JADES11, 12, and 13?"

In the conference room, Glynn Bancroft, a professor of astrophysics at the University of Texas, pushed his glasses on the bridge of his nose and frowned.

"From the data of mass, star diameter and other aspects, they are the early stages of three ancient galaxies."

On the screen picture projected in the conference room, a picture with a dark background, many bright spots on it, and three dark red stars in the central area is the focus of discussion at this meeting.

This is part of the observation data collected by the Webb telescope in 2023.

As early as 2021, two years after the launch of the Webb telescope, the "Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey" project observed 250 faint galaxies for 28 hours.

Nearly 100 astronomers from ten different countries have divided up this batch of observational experimental data and have been conducting research.

In their research data, they found these three strange stars, named JADES-GS-z13-0, JADES-GS-z12-0 and JADES-GS-z11-0.

This kind of numbering is very common in the astronomical community. After all, let alone stars in the universe, even structures like the Milky Way are countless like gravel on the beach.

However, what is slightly different from other discoveries is that this time their discovery is different.

First of all, it is ancient.

According to the current observation data, the three discovered stars almost all originated from 13.4 billion years ago, and the current astronomical community generally recognizes that the universe was born in the Big Bang about 13.8 billion years ago, which is only about 400 to 500 million years away.

Although these are not the first stars in the universe, they are also very close to the stars in the very early universe.

Compared with the first stars in the very early universe, the second point is the factor that surprised the research team.

That is, the lifespan of these three strange stars may exceed everyone's imagination.

According to the theory of stellar evolution, the early stars in the universe were formed under extreme conditions after the Big Bang. They were massive but had very short lifespans.

Most of these stars will end their lives in a supernova explosion within millions to tens of millions of years, ejecting heavy elements to promote the evolution of the universe.

The lifespans of the three stars they discovered may be as long as more than 10 billion years.

This is simply incredible.

You should know that the lifespan of a star is related to its mass. The larger the mass of a celestial body, the shorter its lifespan; the smaller the mass of a star, the longer its lifespan.

The longest-lived star known so far is a red dwarf, which can live for tens of billions or even hundreds of billions of years.

But the mass of a red dwarf is very low, with the largest being only half the mass of a yellow dwarf like the sun, and the lowest being only about one percent of the sun.

This is the key to its long lifespan.

The mass of these three newly discovered stars far exceeds that of the sun.

Not to mention the sun, even the entire solar system is far from comparable to it. Its mass, as analyzed from observational data, has reached an astonishing 200 billion times the mass of the sun.

From all aspects, these three stars cannot be stars, but only galaxies or quasars like the Milky Way.

However, given that the mass of the largest quasar discovered so far is only about 66 billion times that of the sun, the scholars participating in the conference almost all tacitly accepted that they are galaxies for stars of such huge mass.

Only Professor Amelia Irwin from Princeton University, who participated in this research experiment, expressed a different view.

This female professor, who is less than 30 years old this year, is already a full professor at Princeton and a tenured researcher at the Princeton Institute for Advanced Study. She believes that this is most likely not a galaxy formed in the early universe, but the legendary dark star.

That is, three stars composed of dark matter.

This outrageous statement was opposed by astronomy professors from two other universities who also participated in the project.

After all, the statement that stars are composed of dark matter sounds too outrageous.

And the mass of these three stars is more than 100 billion times that of the sun.

According to this mass, it cannot be a star and will inevitably collapse into a black hole.

So when this view was proposed, it was quickly rejected by other researchers.

But Amelia Elwin did not give up. She has been collecting various observation data for calculations. Until today, she reconvened the discussion meeting and put forward her theory again.

Hearing Professor Green Bancroft's words, Amelia, who had long hair, raised her mouth and spoke confidently.

"But it does not have the spectrum that a galaxy should have."

As she spoke, she controlled the computer and replaced the picture on the projection screen. Instead, a spectrum analysis data chart appeared in front of everyone.

With a smile on her lips, Amelia continued: "These days, I have re-analyzed the spectral data of these three stars."

"From the current data, it can be clearly seen that it has relatively weak absorption lines of the stellar emission spectrum, rather than only nebula emission lines as before."

"This means that, theoretically, it may be a special star!"

How to judge whether the light emitted by distant stars in the sky is the light of a star or a galaxy has always been a difficult problem in the astronomical community.

After all, the universe is so huge, and the observable universe is 93 billion light years wide, which is beyond the imagination of most people.

And the light emitted by galaxies that are too far away is already very weak after reaching the earth. Under limited observation technology, the overall appearance may not be much different from that of a star.

So judging the two has always been a huge problem.

Of course, there are still ways. The simplest way is to obtain high-definition quality observation data to analyze and prepare spectral images.

Generally speaking, there are black lines in the emission spectrum of stars, which are absorption lines produced by the atoms in the outer layer of stars.

In the spectrum of the galaxy, you can see a series of emission lines, which are the emission spectra produced by the cold air masses in the galaxy being heated by stars.

The beautiful nebulae we usually see are the light emitted by the gas clouds being heated.

Amelia used this method.

With her mathematical ability, coupled with the mathematical physics methods she learned from Xu Chuan, it couldn't be easier to process these data.

In the conference room, Green Bancroft's eyes fell on the spectrum analysis chart on the screen. After looking at it carefully for a while, he refuted and said.

"Even if it has weaker stellar spectral absorption lines, it does not necessarily prove that it is a special star."

"If the structure of this galaxy is special, or it is in the late stage of evolution, and lacks interstellar dust and gas as a whole, then the starlight in the galaxy can be mixed with the galaxy light and transmitted."

"In contrast, the possibility that they are stars is almost completely non-existent."

"Each star is tens of billions of times the mass of the sun or even higher. If it is a star, theoretically it would have collapsed into a black hole long ago."

Faced with Professor Bancroft's rebuttal, Amelia smiled and nodded, and said: "I don't deny that what you said does make sense, but if it is What about stars made of dark matter? "

"That's impossible!"

Bringing up the old story again, Professor Green Bancroft said impatiently: "With the properties of dark matter, it is impossible to form stars."

"Dark matter particles that do not have electromagnetic and strong interactions cannot fuse and emit light and heat under the action of gravity."

"I believe that as a physicist and mathematician, you should know this better than me. If you are really not clear, I suggest that you learn more about dark matter theory before discussing this topic with me."

For dark matter, in addition to physicists, astronomers are probably the other most familiar group.

After all, the current academic observation of dark matter can be said to be almost all completed through astronomical equipment.

Whether it is the phenomenon of cosmic expansion or gravitational waves, or the most direct gravitational lensing effect, they are all the most direct astronomical achievements.

And Green Bancroft is a top expert in this regard. The gravitational wave exploration event in the early years was completed by him and another research team.

It's just that because of the time involved, he did not win the Nobel Prize for this, which is also the most regrettable thing in his life.

So Bancroft seemed a little disdainful of Amelia, who was less than 30 years old, arguing with him on the theory of dark matter.

Even if there were scholars in the world who knew dark matter and cosmic stars better than him, it would not be the young female professor in front of him.

Facing Green Bancroft's arrogance, Amelia didn't care. She smiled cunningly and moved her palm on the mouse.

The projection screen behind her jumped the picture, and a paper was presented to everyone.

"Void Field Dark Matter Theory!"

Looking at this paper, Amelia cleared her throat and said, "What if the theory supporting the existence of dark matter stars was made public by Professor Xu Chuan?"

The air in the conference room froze at this moment.

Even Green Bancroft, who was about to pack up and leave this boring meeting, kept his hand on the report document.

".What did you say?"

His eyes fell on the screen, and looking at the title of the paper projected, Professor Bancroft was stunned.

Amelia: "This paper was written by Professor Xu Chuan. His theory of vacuum field dark matter supports and predicts the existence of dark matter stars."

After a slight pause, she smiled and looked at the bearded Professor Bancroft, raised her index finger, and added: "And, he is the only author."

Hearing this, the conference room fell into a dead silence.

The professor in the academic world, Professor Xu Chuan, who is the mentor of the female professor in front of her, publicly stood up to support the outrageous theory of dark matter stars?

The only author. This means that this paper was written by Professor Xu himself, and it could not be written by his students or others. He was named as a supervisor or corresponding author.

The two concepts are completely different.

With his status in the academic world and the rigor of academic research, if he is the only author, it means that the credibility of this paper will probably set off an extremely violent storm in the physics and astrophysics communities.

But when did this happen?

Damn, why didn't he hear about this?

After taking a deep breath, Professor Bancroft came back to his senses and looked at Amelia, and couldn't help asking, "When did this happen?"

Amelia smiled and said, "It was yesterday that he uploaded the paper to the Arxiv preprint website. I have separated the fragments related to the prediction of the existence of dark matter stars in the paper."

As she spoke, she controlled the mouse and continued to play the PPT file.

The part about the prediction and calculation of dark matter stars in the void field dark matter theory was presented to everyone.

After a while, the relevant part was played, and Amelia looked at Professor Bancroft with a smile and asked.

"What is your opinion now?"

Hearing Amelia's question, Green Bancroft fell silent, swallowed a mouthful of air with a dry mouth, hesitated for a long time and finally spoke.

"Perhaps what you said does make some sense. Although it sounds incredible about dark matter stars, we may need to reconsider what these three stars are."

In the conference room, others stared at Professor Green Bancroft in amazement, full of doubt about life.

Is this still the hot-tempered Professor Bancroft they know, who has always been stubborn and even dared to quarrel with Nobel Prize winners over theoretical issues?

You know, in the theory of dark matter, he is a firm supporter of WIMP weakly interacting massive particles. When was he so easily convinced?

In the conference room, Amelia raised the corners of her mouth with a smile on her face.

She still has a good mentor!