Chapter 218 Gravitons and Spacetime Wormholes

After seeing Chen Zhengping off, Xu Chuan returned to the hotel room alone, took out a notebook and pen from his suitcase, and sat down at the glass table.

The question raised by Professor Brian Schmidt is quite interesting.

Using the extended application of the Xu-Weyl-Berry theorem to calculate high-dimensional space, verify whether high-dimensional space exists, and find a way to enter.

However, as of now, this is not realistic.

High-dimensional space in the physical sense is just a conjecture put forward by physicists, just like a parallel world, whether it really exists, no one knows.

This kind of theoretical speculation is like a floating duckweed, which is not reliable.

Even the four-dimensional time proposed in Einstein's special theory of relativity has not been verified at present.

Everyone can indeed feel the passage of time, but there is no direct evidence at all whether the four-dimensional space based on time exists.

Things like clocks and stopwatches are just things made by humans themselves.

Sitting in front of the glass table, countless thoughts emerged in Xu Chuan's mind, and he finally breathed a sigh of relief.

Although it is very difficult or impossible to calculate high-dimensional space using the extended application of the Xu-Weyl-Berry theorem.

But Professor Brian Schmidt's question also brought him another inspiration.

Can the extended application of the Xu-Weyl-Berry theorem be used to calculate gravitational fluctuations, or the existence of space-time wormholes or similar things?

This is something he has been studying since he discovered gravitons in his previous life.

It is similar to the space-time wormholes in science fiction movies or science fiction novels, which can be entered and shuttled to distant alien galaxies.

Of course, he has no direct evidence to prove the existence of such a thing, but after the discovery of particles such as gravitons, scientific intuition tells him that space-time wormholes are likely to exist.

Whether natural or artificial.

In his previous life, he studied a lot of things, such as controlled nuclear fusion, the use of dark matter and dark energy, the fluctuation of gravitons in space, etc. These cutting-edge issues in the field of physics are all within his research scope, but some are in-depth and some are shallow.

Among them, the graviton-induced space fluctuations are the shallower ones.

Before he was reborn, this idea was only based on theory, without any experimental basis.

Speaking of this, we have to mention the 'graviton'.

Graviton, also known as 'graviton', is a hypothetical particle that transmits gravity in physics. The gravitational force between two objects can be attributed to the exchange of gravitons between the particles that constitute the two objects.

In order to transmit gravity, gravitons must always attract each other, have an infinite range of action, and appear in infinite forms.

In quantum mechanics, gravitons are defined as bosons with spin 2 and zero mass.

In M-theory, gravitons are defined as free closed strings that can be propagated to high-dimensional space outside the universe membrane and other universe membranes.

This is the basis of gravitons.

The existence of gravitons was proposed because quantum theory is very successful in all aspects. For example, electromagnetism can be explained by the quantization of photons (quantum electrodynamics). And the basic forces in other aspects of the universe (weak nuclear force and strong nuclear force) can also be perfectly described by quantum theory.

Therefore, people naturally hope that quantum theory can also explain gravity, so it is assumed that there is an undiscovered graviton, whose properties are similar to those of photons, and eventually a quantum gravity theory can be developed.

Of course, in 2018, this thing is still unproven.

It will not be until 2030 that the graviton will be discovered by him and formally incorporated into the physical system.

After the discovery of the graviton, his mentor Witten's M-theory was actually partially completed.

Then the theory that gravitons can be transmitted to high-dimensional space outside the universe membrane and other universe membranes can also be inferred.

Then using the transmission of gravitons to transmit information or open a channel entered the forefront research scope of the physics community at that time.

Unfortunately, these things were only purely theoretical even before he was reborn.

Not to mention controlling gravitons to transmit information and open space-time channels, even how to stabilize the fluctuations of gravitons in space is an impossible thing.

However, as a top physicist standing at the forefront of this field, his research on gravitons is deeper than others.

Some things that could not be done in the previous life may be done in this life.

Today, Professor Brian Schmidt's question gave him inspiration and allowed him to connect the high-dimensional space to the graviton.

And the mathematics he majored in this life gave him the tools to try to calculate things in this area.

The combination of the two is indispensable.

Of course, in the future, he will also need large-scale experimental equipment such as the Large Hadron Collider and the Graviton Wave Device to assist in verifying whether these theories and calculations are correct.

But now, he has found a path that may lead to the future.

In the hotel room, in front of the glass table, Xu Chuan held a ballpoint pen and closed his eyes in contemplation.

Time passed by bit by bit. I don't know how long it has been. He opened his eyes, with a glimmer in his eyes and a smile on his lips.

"In the conservation system, the speed of movement is treated as a component of the speed of light in the direction of movement, so as to establish the equation of motion and take time as a function of speed. Through the law of conservation of energy, the differential equation of motion energy is established:

F=dE/dS=mcω, mcω=mg', and the solution is: ω=g(1/υ-√1υ-1/c), taking the speed of the earth's gravitons as the speed of light c, the frequency f is as follows:."

The ballpoint pen in his hand sketched out mathematical symbols one by one on the white notebook, and also wrote out theories and ideas.

Regardless of whether these things are correct, now he should be able to make a beginning.

And with a beginning, he can go down.

Choosing mathematics in this life is really a correct choice!

The double superposition of mathematics and physics is far more than 1+1=2.

He didn't waste much time on this road. He recorded some ideas and thoughts in his mind. After a simple calculation, Xu Chuan stopped writing.

Staring at what was recorded in the notebook, he puffed up his cheeks and exhaled.

From the current theory, this may be a feasible way.

But there are too few data related to gravitons to support his continued calculation.

To complete this theory, let alone experiments, it is probably not easier than solving controlled nuclear fusion, or even more difficult.

Because there is very little data related to gravitons, he only has a few years of basic research in his mind.

To study this thing, a large particle collider is indispensable.

And the energy level may have to be increased to support more than 100 Tev. At present, the collision energy level of the LHC of the European Atomic Energy Laboratory is only 14 or 15 Tev.

To increase the energy level to more than 100 Tev, it is necessary to increase it by an order of magnitude on the basis of the LHC. Whether it is the magnetic hoop, magnetic mirror, control scheme, or superconductor materials, observation equipment, detectors and other things, they must be fully upgraded to achieve this.

This is not a simple project. After the LHC was upgraded to HL-LHC again, the energy level was only increased to 20-30 Tev.

China has attracted much attention from the physics community. With a budget of more than 150 billion, the energy level of the super collider still under design, the "Circular Electron Positron Collider-Super Proton Collider CEPC", has only been raised to about 50Tev.

It can be seen how difficult and expensive it is to design and manufacture a large particle collider.

However, upgrading the large particle collider is not for pure high-energy physics and particle physics research.

The strong particle collider can also boost the national economy.

Massimo Florio, professor of economics at the University of Milan in Italy, once conducted a study. In the analysis model they designed, the benefit-cost ratio of the high-brightness large hadron collider project is about 1.8.

In other words, for every 1 Swiss franc invested in the high-brightness large hadron collider project, about 1.8 Swiss francs of social benefits will be generated.

Of course, this social benefit is mainly improved in technology spillover, talent training, research and development and introduction of new technologies, cultural benefits, scientific literature, etc.

It does not mean that the start of the collider can bring economic effects.

In addition, among the social benefits generated by scientific research on colliders, there is another immeasurable "knowledge" benefit.

Every operation of the Large Hadron Collider will generate a large amount of data, which may contain the truth of the universe.

For example, the discovery of elementary particles such as the Higgs boson does not seem to have much effect on science and technology today, but in the future, these things will become the most precious wealth of civilization.

Just like when the electromagnetic induction theorem first came out, no one paid attention to it, but now, electricity has become an indispensable physics for humans.

Today's investment in the field of science will be discovered by people in the future.

Without wasting much time on gravitons and other things, after sorting out the ideas in his mind, Xu Chuan left the room and returned to the International Congress of Mathematicians.

The conference, which only takes place once every four years, should not be missed.

In particular, the lectures of other people who won the Fields Medal this year, as well as the lectures of top mathematicians such as Terence Tao, George Williamson, and Brundler, should not be missed.

On the contrary, the older generation of great mathematicians, such as Wiles, Gowers, Deligne, and Faltings, rarely give reports at the International Congress of Mathematicians.

On the one hand, it is to leave some opportunities for the newcomers, and on the other hand, these great mathematicians are too old and too old.

Although many people like Deligne and Faltings are still engaged in mathematical work, their focus is no longer on breaking through the boundaries of mathematics.

Just like Professor Deligne, although he is still studying the standard conjecture left by Mr. Grothendieck, his focus is now more on serving as a professor at the college and training the next generation of mathematicians.

After listening to the reports of many mathematicians in the lectures for several consecutive days, Xu Chuan has more or less some insights or ideas about the mathematical fields he is interested in, and has gained a lot.

The International Congress of Mathematicians, which is held every four years, is worthy of being the top communication report meeting in the mathematics community. Apart from the mathematicians who are invited to give 45-minute and one-hour reports, even those who apply to the International Mathematical Union for ten-minute reports have many eye-catching ideas.

After listening to a report as a habit, Xu Chuan walked while reflecting on what he had just gained. As soon as he walked out of the hall, a voice came to his ears.

"Professor Xu Chuan, wait."

He looked up and saw that the person who stopped him was Fefferman, the chairman of the mathematics department at Princeton. Xu Chuan responded with a smile: "Professor Fefferman, are you here too?"

"I'm here to see you. Do you have time later? Let's chat?" Fefferman asked with a smile.

"Of course." Xu Chuan nodded.

"Then come with me." Fefferman took the lead and walked towards the outside of the reporting room.

Xu Chuan followed and asked as he walked: "What do you think about the NS equation?"

Fefferman shook his head and said: "That's not true. I haven't studied NS equations during this period, and ideas and inspiration are not so easy to come by. The phased results submitted to the "Annual Review of Mathematics" have not yet passed the review. Woolen cloth."

"What's that?" Xu Chuan couldn't help but be curious.

Fefferman smiled and said, "Actually, I wasn't looking for you, I was asked to come here by someone else."

Hearing this, Xu Chuan's pupils shrank and he said no more. He probably guessed what was going on, but he didn't pay too much attention. This is Brazil, not the United States.

Following Fefferman, the two soon arrived at a hotel outside the venue.

Entering the elevator, the two came to Fefferman's place. When they entered the room, Xu Chuan's eyes moved. As he expected, he knew the person in the room. He was the director of the US Immigration Office, who was responsible for the immigration matters of top talents. , Qiu Chengtong, Chen Shengshen, Yang Zhenhuan and other top talents were attracted by them.

Seeing Xu Chuan, the people in the room quickly walked over, with warm smiles on their faces, and extended their right hands enthusiastically: "Hello, hello, this is Professor Xu Chuan. Seeing is better than hearing a hundred times. He’s really young and talented.”

Xu Chuan smiled, stretched out his hand to shake it, and said, "Hello."

On the side, Fefferman introduced: "This is Professor Xu Chuan, and this is Director Andre Mirel of the Immigration Office."

Xu Chuan nodded and said, "Hello, Director Andre."

Andre smiled and said: "I'm disturbing Professor Xu. I hope it doesn't affect your business. Come on, sit here first."

Xu Chuan nodded and sat down.

It was expected that people from the U.S. immigration office were looking for him. In fact, it could even be said that it was a bit late.

According to his speculation, normally, after Hodge's guess passed the peer review, the other party would have come to him, but for some unknown reason, it had been delayed until now.

On the side, Professor Fefferman made three cups of tea and brought them over.

"Professor Xu, try it. This is the Yuqian Longjing that my friend brought over before. It should be very good." Andre stood up with a smile and brought a cup to Xu Chuan.

"Thank you." Xu Chuan smiled and took the teacup.

"Professor Xu likes it. I have another pack here and will give it to you later."

Andre smiled and took a sip of tea. After chatting with Xu Chuan for a few words, he changed the subject and said with a smile: "Our country, the United States, is the most economically developed country in the world, whether it is scientific research, pension, medical education, welfare, etc." resources are number one in the world.”

"We have the most open immigration system and an inclusive multicultural atmosphere in the world. There are millions of Chinese working here. They also enjoy the welfare and citizenship treatment of the United States without encountering any discrimination."

Xu Chuan's eyelids twitched and he held the teacup without saying anything, knowing that the other party's invitation was coming.

Sure enough, Andre continued: "I came here this time to invite you to join our country, the United States. Geniuses are born in young people, and our country, the United States, has always been eager to attract top scholars like you, Professor Xu."

"In order to show our respect and respect for you, we will improve your treatment in the United States. Your annual salary will be double that currently provided by Princeton. You will be given an annual salary of two million meters and we will buy you a building in Princeton. A villa for you to live in, and a car worth 200,000 meters for your transportation, you can choose any of these."

"In addition, we will match you with the corresponding scientific research funds without distributing them or interfering with your research. If you need it, the United States will give you the greatest help in scientific research."

"Whether it's mathematics, physics, or astronomy, from supercomputers to the Large Strong Particle Collider, to astronomical observation equipment, and even the Hubble Telescope, you can apply to use it."

"Finally, the United States will hold a special coronation ceremony for you and grant you the honor of being an academician of the National Academy of Sciences."

"If Professor Xu is willing to immigrate, I will immediately arrange personnel to carry out the operation. You do not need to teach you anything during the whole process. You only need to sign the document."

"Including your relatives, whether they are parents or girlfriends, according to the three-generation relationship, as long as they are included and willing, we will arrange immigration for you and pick them up to reunite with you as soon as possible."

"I wonder what your wishes are, Professor?"