Chapter 201 Wave-Particle Duality

"That looks like a formula?"

"Maybe it has something to do with the energy quantum he mentioned."

"But what is the relationship between these and light, it is still impossible to get the result of light composition."

"Maybe like his previous experiment, it looks amazing, but it's actually just something to fool people."

The guests present have already started whispering and commenting on his series of formulas.

The first time those weird symbols appeared, hundreds of pairs of eyes were staring at those few simple characters.

Even if someone thought of Tu Fu's paper published a few days ago, they didn't connect it. The second generation waited for Tu Fu to give a reasonable explanation.

The grandstand of the Royal Society building is not high,

So Tu Fu's every move is in everyone's eyes.

After he finished writing the energy quantum symbol, he started to use the experimental equipment in his hand, "Gentlemen, here I should explain to you what is the photoelectric effect. When the receiving circuit of an electrical appliance is illuminated, it is easier to generate electricity." spark.

In my hand, once the ultraviolet emitter is turned on, when the light falls on the metal panel, some changes in the metal are the photoelectric effect. "

This is a basic theoretical experiment involving the combination of optics and electricity.

And then, several of his experimental devices came in handy, and were neatly placed in front of everyone one by one.

Tufu first took out a rubber rod and rubbed it on the zinc plate to make it negatively charged.

After this move, the circular electroscope is right in the middle.

Under the influence of electrons, the two tightly closed metal foils are opened.

Tu Fu picked up the ultraviolet lamp with his slender fingers, turned it on and irradiated the zinc plate directly. This seemingly meaningless move brought new changes to the electroscope connected to the zinc plate.

"Crack!"

After the ultraviolet light falls on the zinc plate, the metal foil of the electroscope will rotate immediately,

Point to the top and return to zero.

"A little experiment."

"What does this have to do with the properties of light?"

"Why is there such a change?"

This interesting little experiment caught the attention of some people, who bowed their heads and pondered why this phenomenon occurred.

Only then did Tu Fu unhurriedly explain, "Gentlemen, as you have seen. When the ultraviolet light shines on the zinc plate, the electrons in the zinc plate leave, or overflow.

The phenomenon of electron overflow due to light is exactly what I want to express as the 'photoelectric effect'. "

After a not-so-complicated science popularization, everyone present showed expressions of thinking.

Those who have studied Tufu's published papers in advance naturally know that the "electron" he calls is a kind of elementary particle.

The smallest basic unit of matter that people recognize.

Professors who are not in the field of natural science also pretend to be contemplative in order not to make themselves look too rigid, as if they understand what he is saying.

"When light is emitted and absorbed, energy is transmitted one by one, and light itself is composed of indivisible energy quanta."

In order to explain the concept of light quantum, Tu Fu wrote the famous photoelectric effect equation on the blackboard.

Ek=hv-w.

The energy of one of the photons is hv, where h is the Kappet constant (Planck's constant), and v represents the frequency of the emitted light.

w is the work function of the metal,

Ek represents the part that flies out after the photon collides with the metal, that is, the initial kinetic energy.

Tu Fu tried to use the photon theory to explain the electromagnetic theory, and also formally proposed a new concept-light quantum.

But any student who has taken a high school physics course can easily understand this knowledge.

But in this era of the beginning of the development of electricity.

The concept proposed by Tu Fu is based on a set of theories he put forward. With his own power, he has pushed physics forward for hundreds of years.

As for applying theoretical knowledge to practice, it is still a long way to go.

"Tufu, as you said, light quanta and electrons have the same characteristics, and the photoelectric effect means that light has a particle nature." Sir Daniel Sr.

After getting in touch with the most basic science of quantum mechanics, he raised a relatively interesting question.

Tu Fu still had a smile on his face, "You are right, light does have the characteristics of particles."

"But this is completely different from what you said before. The electromagnetic wave theory in your paper shows that light is an electromagnetic wave, which has the characteristics of reflection and diffraction. There is no doubt that light is a wave."

Some people also questioned his previous statement.

Especially people in the industry, after hearing his different theories and experiments, quickly discovered the contradictory points in his theory.

After a lot of experimentation, theoretical evidence, and postulated doctrine, it seems to be back to the original question.

Is light a particle or a wave?

It seems that no matter what they do, no matter how many experiments they use, they cannot escape this vicious circle of thinking.

"Gentlemen, what do you think the ultimate answer to this question is?"

When it came to the final step, Tufu remained mysterious.

He looked at the scholars with various expressions in the hall, and then whispered softly, "Now, please close your eyes and think carefully about a question.

The phenomena of dry radiation, diffraction and polarization of light show that light has wave properties. The photoelectric effect experiment shows that light has a particle nature, so what is the final answer? "

After his words fell, scholars present, whether they were from the Particle School or the Wave School, closed their eyes according to his will.

An answer seemed imminent.

Everyone's heart couldn't help beating, and they didn't even dare to breathe.

His words are like the judgment of God, and like the whisper of the devil, always tempting them to approach in a direction they never imagined.

"Light...is both particle and wave."

In absolute silence, someone gave the answer.

It's not Sir Daniel who understands Tufu's thinking best, nor is it a certain particle physicist.

It was Professor Charles Kane of the School of Humanities at the University of Michigan, who did not understand those complicated formulas and theories thoroughly.

But there is always a voice in his heart telling him,

The answer is this.

"boom!"

Professor Kane's remarks immediately turned the entire hall upside down. Even if someone had thought of it before, they didn't dare to say it with certainty, but it was so reasonable after it was said by others.

"bingo."

Tu Fu snapped his fingers, with a satisfied smile on his face, "If I use a more professional term to replace this statement, I will definitely call it 'wave-particle duality'."

Wave-particle duality of light!

This new term has conquered the thinking of many people since its birth.

When this question that has troubled them for a long time finally came up with an answer acceptable to both sects,

The people present are more calm.

"Is that why in the double-slit experiment, there are two outcomes?"

Professor Bastian, who was invited from the University of Michigan, murmured.

"It is precisely because of the two different characteristics that different measurement methods give different results, sometimes showing the characteristics of particles and sometimes showing the characteristics of waves."

Tu Fu corrected the way the professor of the Academy of Natural Sciences.

To measure with monitoring equipment is to measure the particle nature of light,

And his double-slit experiment itself is an experiment aimed at the wave nature of light, so there are two completely different answers.

This is not scary, nor is it a supernatural phenomenon.

Everyone was immersed in a huge shock.

The god of order, who is in charge of truth, has once again made a verdict.

God redirects people in the right direction.

Only half a year has passed since June 25, 1492, since the last time Tuf demonstrated the double-slit experiment in Leeds.

Once again, he rewrote history with his own hands.

For at least three hundred years from now,

Generation after generation of teenagers will thoroughly remember the name Tuf Capet, which has nothing to do with him resolving the contradiction between the Particle School and the Wave School.

Mr. Capet, who completely overthrew the building of physics, established a new system called "quantum physics" because of the electromagnetic wave theory, Capet constant, and photoelectric effect proposed by his self-proving innocence.

In the future, every child receiving education will be filled with awe (gritting teeth) every time they read the name of Tufu Capet in their textbooks.

ps: Everyone must know how tortured it is for a liberal arts student to write a recent plot, and there may still be bugs, but I only do this for this sake, don't blame it.

When I checked the information, I was moved countless times. Fortunately, I chose liberal arts at the beginning~